महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-15, chapter-6, verse-22

तं तु दृष्ट्वा तथासीनं निश्चेष्टं कुरुपार्थिवम् ।
आर्तिं राजा ययौ तूर्णं कौन्तेयः परवीरहा ॥२२॥

22. taṁ tu dṛṣṭvā tathāsīnaṁ niśceṣṭaṁ kurupārthivam ,
ārtiṁ rājā yayau tūrṇaṁ kaunteyaḥ paravīrahā.

22. tam tu dṛṣṭvā tathā āsīnam niśceṣṭam kurupārthivam
ārtim rājā yayau tūrṇam kaunteyaḥ paravīrahā

22. kaunteyaḥ paravīrahā rājā tam niśceṣṭam tathā
āsīnam kurupārthivam dṛṣṭvā tūrṇam ārtim yayau

22. But having seen that Kuru king thus seated and motionless, King Yudhishthira (kaunteya), the slayer of hostile heroes, quickly fell into distress.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - (referring to Dhritarashtra) (him, that)

• तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, indeed, for emphasis

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, having perceived

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

• आसीनम् (āsīnam) - seated, sitting

• निश्चेष्टम् (niśceṣṭam) - motionless, inactive, without effort

• कुरुपार्थिवम् (kurupārthivam) - (referring to Dhritarashtra) (the Kuru king, a king of the Kurus)

• आर्तिम् (ārtim) - pain, distress, suffering, calamity

• राजा (rājā) - (referring to Yudhishthira) (king, ruler)

• ययौ (yayau) - (experienced distress) (went, obtained, reached, experienced)

• तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - quickly, swiftly, rapidly

• कौन्तेयः (kaunteyaḥ) - (Yudhishthira) (son of Kunti)

• परवीरहा (paravīrahā) - (epithet for Yudhishthira) (slayer of hostile heroes, destroyer of enemies)

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - (referring to Dhritarashtra) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, indeed, for emphasis

(indeclinable)

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, having perceived

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Derived from root dṛś (to see) + suffix -tvā

Root: dṛś (class 1)

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

(indeclinable)

आसीनम् (āsīnam) - seated, sitting

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āsīna

āsīna - seated, sitting

Present Active Participle

Derived from root ās (to sit)

Root: ās (class 2)

निश्चेष्टम् (niśceṣṭam) - motionless, inactive, without effort

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of niśceṣṭa

niśceṣṭa - motionless, inactive, without effort

Compound type : bahuvrihi (nis+ceṣṭā)

• nis – out, without
  indeclinable
• ceṣṭā – motion, activity, effort
  noun (feminine)
  From root ceṣṭ (to move, to endeavor)
  Root: ceṣṭ (class 1)

Note: Compound of 'nis' (without) and 'ceṣṭā' (motion/action).

कुरुपार्थिवम् (kurupārthivam) - (referring to Dhritarashtra) (the Kuru king, a king of the Kurus)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kurupārthiva

kurupārthiva - a Kuru king

Compound type : tatpurusha (kuru+pārthiva)

• kuru – name of an ancient royal dynasty, descendant of Kuru
  proper noun (masculine)
• pārthiva – earthly, royal, king
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from pṛthivī (earth)

आर्तिम् (ārtim) - pain, distress, suffering, calamity

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of ārti

ārti - pain, distress, suffering, calamity

Root: ṛ (class 3)

राजा (rājā) - (referring to Yudhishthira) (king, ruler)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

ययौ (yayau) - (experienced distress) (went, obtained, reached, experienced)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of yā

perfect tense

3rd person singular, perfect, parasmaipada

Root: yā (class 2)

तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - quickly, swiftly, rapidly

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial usage.

कौन्तेयः (kaunteyaḥ) - (Yudhishthira) (son of Kunti)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kaunteya

kaunteya - son of Kunti

Derived from Kuntī + ḍhak suffix (patronymic)

Note: A patronymic for Yudhishthira, Bhima, Arjuna.

परवीरहा (paravīrahā) - (epithet for Yudhishthira) (slayer of hostile heroes, destroyer of enemies)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paravīrahā

paravīrahā - slayer of hostile heroes, destroyer of enemies

Compound type : tatpurusha (para+vīra+han)

• para – other, alien, hostile, supreme
  adjective (masculine)
• vīra – hero, warrior, brave man
  noun (masculine)
• han – slaying, killer
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun
  Derived from root han (to strike, slay)
  Root: han (class 2)

Note: Formed with suffix -hān (from han) indicating agent of killing.