महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-15, chapter-41, verse-17

गतेषु तेषु सर्वेषु सलिलस्थो महामुनिः ।
धर्मशीलो महातेजाः कुरूणां हितकृत्सदा ।
ततः प्रोवाच ताः सर्वाः क्षत्रिया निहतेश्वराः ॥१७॥

17. gateṣu teṣu sarveṣu salilastho mahāmuniḥ ,
dharmaśīlo mahātejāḥ kurūṇāṁ hitakṛtsadā ,
tataḥ provāca tāḥ sarvāḥ kṣatriyā nihateśvarāḥ.

17. gateṣu teṣu sarveṣu salilasthaḥ
mahāmuniḥ dharmaśīlaḥ mahātejāḥ
kurūṇām hitakṛt sadā tataḥ provāca
tāḥ sarvāḥ kṣatriyāḥ nihateśvarāḥ

17. teṣu sarveṣu gateṣu tataḥ salilasthaḥ
dharmaśīlaḥ mahātejāḥ kurūṇām
sadā hitakṛt mahāmuniḥ tāḥ sarvāḥ
nihateśvarāḥ kṣatriyāḥ provāca

17. After all of them had departed, the great sage (muni), who remained in the water, virtuous and greatly effulgent, and ever a benefactor of the Kurus, then spoke to all those Kshatriya women whose husbands had been slain.

Words meanings summery:

• गतेषु (gateṣu) - when they had departed (having gone, departed, passed)

• तेषु (teṣu) - referring to the departed great souls (in/among them, when they had)

• सर्वेषु (sarveṣu) - in/among all, when all of them had

• सलिलस्थः (salilasthaḥ) - standing in the water

• महामुनिः (mahāmuniḥ) - great sage

• धर्मशीलः (dharmaśīlaḥ) - virtuous, righteous by nature, having the disposition of (dharma)

• महातेजाः (mahātejāḥ) - greatly effulgent, highly radiant, possessing great splendor

• कुरूणाम् (kurūṇām) - of the Kurus

• हितकृत् (hitakṛt) - doer of good, benefactor, well-wisher

• सदा (sadā) - always, ever, constantly

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from that

• प्रोवाच (provāca) - he spoke, he said

• ताः (tāḥ) - referring to the Kshatriya women (them, those)

• सर्वाः (sarvāḥ) - all the Kshatriya women (all)

• क्षत्रियाः (kṣatriyāḥ) - Kshatriya women

• निहतेश्वराः (nihateśvarāḥ) - whose lords were slain, whose husbands were killed

Words meanings and morphology

गतेषु (gateṣu) - when they had departed (having gone, departed, passed)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of gata

gata - gone, departed, passed, reached

Past Passive Participle

Formed from root 'gam' (to go).

Root: gam (class 1)

तेषु (teṣu) - referring to the departed great souls (in/among them, when they had)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Demonstrative pronoun.

सर्वेषु (sarveṣu) - in/among all, when all of them had

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire

Note: Modifies 'teṣu'.

सलिलस्थः (salilasthaḥ) - standing in the water

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of salilastha

salilastha - standing in water, abiding in water

Compound of 'salila' (water) and 'stha' (standing).

Compound type : upapada-tatpuruṣa (salila+stha)

• salila – water
  noun (neuter)
• stha – standing, situated, being
  adjective
  From root 'sthā' (to stand).
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'mahāmuniḥ'.

महामुनिः (mahāmuniḥ) - great sage

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahāmuni

mahāmuni - great sage, great ascetic (muni)

Compound of 'mahā' (great) and 'muni' (sage).

Compound type : karmadharaya (mahā+muni)

• mahat – great, large, mighty
  adjective
  Stem form 'mahā' used in compounds.
• muni – sage, ascetic, seer
  noun (masculine)
  Root: man (class 4)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

धर्मशीलः (dharmaśīlaḥ) - virtuous, righteous by nature, having the disposition of (dharma)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmaśīla

dharmaśīla - virtuous, righteous, having a disposition for (dharma)

Compound of 'dharma' (virtue/constitution) and 'śīla' (nature/disposition).

Compound type : tatpurusha (dharma+śīla)

• dharma – righteousness, virtue, duty, natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'dhṛ' (to uphold, support).
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• śīla – nature, disposition, character, habit, conduct
  noun (neuter)
  Root: śīl (class 10)

Note: Modifies 'mahāmuniḥ'.

महातेजाः (mahātejāḥ) - greatly effulgent, highly radiant, possessing great splendor

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahātejas

mahātejas - greatly effulgent, highly radiant, possessing great splendor

Compound of 'mahā' (great) and 'tejas' (splendor/energy).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+tejas)

• mahat – great, large, mighty
  adjective
  Stem form 'mahā' used in compounds.
• tejas – splendor, effulgence, energy, power, fire
  noun (neuter)
  From root 'tij' (to be sharp).
  Root: tij (class 6)

Note: Modifies 'mahāmuniḥ'.

कुरूणाम् (kurūṇām) - of the Kurus

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of kuru

kuru - Kuru (name of an ancient king and his dynasty)

Note: Possessive case for 'hitakṛt'.

हितकृत् (hitakṛt) - doer of good, benefactor, well-wisher

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hitakṛt

hitakṛt - doer of good, benefactor, well-wisher

Compound of 'hita' (beneficial) and 'kṛt' (maker/doer).

Compound type : upapada-tatpuruṣa (hita+kṛt)

• hita – beneficial, good, advantageous, suitable
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'dhā' (to place) in the sense of 'good' or 'beneficial'.
  Root: dhā (class 3)
• kṛt – doer, maker, agent
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'kṛ' (to do, to make).
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Modifies 'mahāmuniḥ'.

सदा (sadā) - always, ever, constantly

(indeclinable)

Adverb.

Note: Modifies 'hitakṛt'.

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from that

(indeclinable)

Adverb.

प्रोवाच (provāca) - he spoke, he said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Lit) of vac

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular

Reduplicated perfect form of 'vac' with prefix 'pra'.

Prefix: pra

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Verb for 'mahāmuniḥ'.

ताः (tāḥ) - referring to the Kshatriya women (them, those)

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Demonstrative pronoun.

सर्वाः (sarvāḥ) - all the Kshatriya women (all)

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire

Note: Modifies 'tāḥ kṣatriyāḥ'.

क्षत्रियाः (kṣatriyāḥ) - Kshatriya women

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of kṣatriyā

kṣatriyā - a Kshatriya woman

Feminine form of 'kṣatriya' (warrior class).

Root: kṣi (class 5)

Note: Object of 'provāca'.

निहतेश्वराः (nihateśvarāḥ) - whose lords were slain, whose husbands were killed

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, plural of nihateśvarā

nihateśvarā - whose lord/husband is slain/killed

Bahuvrihi compound 'nihataḥ īśvaraḥ yābhiḥ tāḥ' (those by whom the lord is killed).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (nihata+īśvara)

• nihata – slain, killed, destroyed
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Formed from root 'han' (to strike, kill) with prefix 'ni'.
  Prefix: ni
  Root: han (class 2)
• īśvara – lord, master, husband, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'īś' (to rule, be master of).
  Root: īś (class 2)

Note: Modifies 'kṣatriyāḥ'.