महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-83, verse-25

युधिष्ठिरस्य संदेशो न हन्तव्या नृपा इति ।
तेन जीवसि राजंस्त्वमपराद्धोऽपि मे रणे ॥२५॥

25. yudhiṣṭhirasya saṁdeśo na hantavyā nṛpā iti ,
tena jīvasi rājaṁstvamaparāddho'pi me raṇe.

25. yudhiṣṭhirasya sandeśaḥ na hantavyāḥ nṛpāḥ iti
tena jīvasi rājan tvam aparāddhaḥ api me raṇe

25. yudhiṣṭhirasya sandeśaḥ iti nṛpāḥ na hantavyāḥ.
tena tvam rājan me raṇe aparāddhaḥ api jīvasi

25. This is Yudhiṣṭhira's message (sandeśa): 'Kings are not to be slain.' Therefore, O king, you live, even though you have committed an offense against me in battle.

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिरस्य (yudhiṣṭhirasya) - of Yudhiṣṭhira

• सन्देशः (sandeśaḥ) - message, instruction, communication

• न (na) - not, no

• हन्तव्याः (hantavyāḥ) - are to be slain (should be killed, killable)

• नृपाः (nṛpāḥ) - kings

• इति (iti) - thus, so (introduces direct speech or conclusion)

• तेन (tena) - therefore, on account of that (the message) (by that, therefore, with him/it)

• जीवसि (jīvasi) - you live

• राजन् (rājan) - O king!

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• अपराद्धः (aparāddhaḥ) - committed an offense (against me) (offended, committed a fault, sinned)

• अपि (api) - even though (even, also, though)

• मे (me) - against me (genitive sense) (by me, to me, for me, my)

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in combat

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिरस्य (yudhiṣṭhirasya) - of Yudhiṣṭhira

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira (proper name, 'firm in battle')

Compound of 'yudhi' (in battle) and 'sthira' (firm).

Compound type : aluk-tatpurusha (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle (locative of yudh)
  noun (feminine)
  Root: yudh (class 4)
• sthira – firm, steady, stable
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Possessive for 'sandeśaḥ'.

सन्देशः (sandeśaḥ) - message, instruction, communication

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sandeśa

sandeśa - message, instruction, communication, information

From root 'diś' (to point) with prefix 'sam'.

Prefix: sam

Root: diś (class 6)

Note: Subject of the implied verb 'is'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

Note: Negates 'hantavyāḥ'.

हन्तव्याः (hantavyāḥ) - are to be slain (should be killed, killable)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of hantavya

hantavya - to be killed, killable, deserving to be killed

Gerundive (Kartavya participle)

From root 'han' (to strike, kill) with suffix '-tavya'.

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Predicative adjective for 'nṛpāḥ'.

नृपाः (nṛpāḥ) - kings

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, ruler ('protector of men')

Compound of 'nṛ' (man) and 'pa' (protector, from root 'pā' to protect).

Compound type : tatpurusha (nṛ+pa)

• nṛ – man, person
  noun (masculine)
• pa – protector, guardian (from root pā)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Subject of the implied passive verbal idea.

इति (iti) - thus, so (introduces direct speech or conclusion)

(indeclinable)

Particle.

Note: Marks the end of the direct quote.

तेन (tena) - therefore, on account of that (the message) (by that, therefore, with him/it)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to Yudhiṣṭhira's message.

जीवसि (jīvasi) - you live

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of jīv

Present Indicative

Root: jīv (class 1)

Note: Verb for 'tvam'.

राजन् (rājan) - O king!

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Address to the interlocutor.

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (pronoun)

Note: Subject of 'jīvasi'.

अपराद्धः (aparāddhaḥ) - committed an offense (against me) (offended, committed a fault, sinned)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aparāddha

aparāddha - offended, having committed a fault, sinned against

Past Passive Participle

From root 'rādh' (to succeed) with prefix 'apa' (away, wrongly).

Prefix: apa

Root: rādh (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'tvam'.

अपि (api) - even though (even, also, though)

(indeclinable)

Particle.

Note: Expresses concession with 'aparāddhaḥ'.

मे (me) - against me (genitive sense) (by me, to me, for me, my)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we (pronoun)

Enclitic form for dative/genitive/instrumental singular.

Note: Used with the sense of 'against me' or 'in my regard'.

रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in combat

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, combat, war

Root: raṇ (class 1)

Note: Locative of time/place.