महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-83, verse-22

विरथं तं विधन्वानं गदया परिवर्जितम् ।
नैच्छत्ताडयितुं धीमानर्जुनः समराग्रणीः ॥२२॥

22. virathaṁ taṁ vidhanvānaṁ gadayā parivarjitam ,
naicchattāḍayituṁ dhīmānarjunaḥ samarāgraṇīḥ.

22. viratham tam vidhanvānam gadayā parivarjitam na
aicchat tāḍayitum dhīmān arjunaḥ samara-agraṇīḥ

22. dhīmān samara-agraṇīḥ arjunaḥ viratham vidhanvānam
gadayā parivarjitam tam tāḍayitum na aicchat

22. Arjuna, the wise and foremost leader in battle, did not wish to strike that king who was chariotiess, bowless, and deprived of his mace.

Words meanings summery:

• विरथम् (viratham) - (that king who was) without a chariot (chariotiess, deprived of a chariot)

• तम् (tam) - that (king) (him, that (accusative singular))

• विधन्वानम् (vidhanvānam) - (that king who was) without a bow (bowless, deprived of a bow)

• गदया (gadayā) - (deprived) of the mace (with a mace (instrumental singular))

• परिवर्जितम् (parivarjitam) - deprived (of his mace) (deprived, abandoned, avoided)

• न (na) - did not (not, no)

• ऐच्छत् (aicchat) - wished (to strike) (wished, desired)

• ताडयितुम् (tāḍayitum) - to strike (the king) (to strike, to beat)

• धीमान् (dhīmān) - the wise (Arjuna) (wise, intelligent, discerning)

• अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Arjuna (Arjuna (proper noun))

• समर-अग्रणीः (samara-agraṇīḥ) - the foremost leader in battle (leader in battle, foremost in war)

Words meanings and morphology

विरथम् (viratham) - (that king who was) without a chariot (chariotiess, deprived of a chariot)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of viratha

viratha - chariotiess, deprived of a chariot

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vi+ratha)

• vi – without, apart, dis-
  indeclinable
• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to 'tam' (the king).

तम् (tam) - that (king) (him, that (accusative singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the king.

विधन्वानम् (vidhanvānam) - (that king who was) without a bow (bowless, deprived of a bow)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vidhanvan

vidhanvan - bowless, deprived of a bow

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vi+dhanvan)

• vi – without, apart, dis-
  indeclinable
• dhanvan – bow
  noun (neuter)

Note: Refers to 'tam' (the king).

गदया (gadayā) - (deprived) of the mace (with a mace (instrumental singular))

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of gadā

gadā - mace, club

Note: Used with 'parivarjitam' to indicate deprivation.

परिवर्जितम् (parivarjitam) - deprived (of his mace) (deprived, abandoned, avoided)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of parivarjita

parivarjita - deprived, abandoned, avoided, excluded

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'vṛj' (to avoid, abandon) with prefix 'pari' and suffix 'kta'.

Prefix: pari

Root: vṛj (class 10)

Note: Refers to 'tam' (the king).

न (na) - did not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates the verb.

ऐच्छत् (aicchat) - wished (to strike) (wished, desired)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of iṣ

Imperfect Active

Root 'iṣ' (to wish). Imperfect Tense, 3rd person singular.

Root: iṣ (class 6)

Note: The prefix 'a' makes it the augment for imperfect tense.

ताडयितुम् (tāḍayitum) - to strike (the king) (to strike, to beat)

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

Derived from causative of root 'taḍ' (to strike) with suffix 'tumun'.

Root: taḍ (class 1)

Note: Expresses purpose or intention.

धीमान् (dhīmān) - the wise (Arjuna) (wise, intelligent, discerning)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhīmat

dhīmat - wise, intelligent, discerning, thoughtful

Derived from 'dhī' (intellect, thought) with possessive suffix 'matup'.

Note: Refers to Arjuna.

अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Arjuna (Arjuna (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Arjuna (name of a Pandava prince); white, silver

Note: Subject of the sentence.

समर-अग्रणीः (samara-agraṇīḥ) - the foremost leader in battle (leader in battle, foremost in war)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samara-agraṇī

samara-agraṇī - leader in battle, foremost in war

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (samara+agraṇī)

• samara – battle, war, combat
  noun (masculine)
• agraṇī – leader, foremost, chief
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to Arjuna.