महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-83, verse-19

स राजा व्यथितो व्यश्वो विधनुर्हतसारथिः ।
गदामादाय कौन्तेयमभिदुद्राव वेगवान् ॥१९॥

19. sa rājā vyathito vyaśvo vidhanurhatasārathiḥ ,
gadāmādāya kaunteyamabhidudrāva vegavān.

19. saḥ rājā vyathitaḥ vyaśvaḥ vidhanuḥ hata-sārathiḥ
gadām ādāya kaunteyam abhidudrāva vegavān

19. saḥ vyathitaḥ vyaśvaḥ vidhanuḥ hata-sārathiḥ
vegavān rājā gadām ādāya kaunteyam abhidudrāva

19. That king, distressed, horseless, without a bow, and with his charioteer killed, swiftly took up a mace and rushed towards the son of Kunti (Arjuna).

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - that (king) (he, that)

• राजा (rājā) - the king (king, ruler)

• व्यथितः (vyathitaḥ) - distressed (due to his situation) (distressed, troubled, agitated)

• व्यश्वः (vyaśvaḥ) - horseless (his chariot horses killed or fled) (horseless, deprived of horses)

• विधनुः (vidhanuḥ) - without a bow (having lost his weapon) (without a bow, deprived of a bow)

• हत-सारथिः (hata-sārathiḥ) - with his charioteer killed (having his charioteer killed)

• गदाम् (gadām) - a mace (mace, club (accusative singular))

• आदाय (ādāya) - having taken (in hand) (having taken, taking)

• कौन्तेयम् (kaunteyam) - towards Arjuna (to the son of Kunti (Yudhishthira, Bhima, Arjuna))

• अभिदुद्राव (abhidudrāva) - rushed towards (Arjuna) (rushed towards, ran towards)

• वेगवान् (vegavān) - swiftly, impetuously (swift, impetuous, powerful)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - that (king) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

राजा (rājā) - the king (king, ruler)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

व्यथितः (vyathitaḥ) - distressed (due to his situation) (distressed, troubled, agitated)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyathita

vyathita - distressed, troubled, agitated, pained

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'vyath' (to tremble, be agitated) with suffix 'kta'.

Root: vyath (class 1)

व्यश्वः (vyaśvaḥ) - horseless (his chariot horses killed or fled) (horseless, deprived of horses)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyaśva

vyaśva - horseless, deprived of horses

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vi+aśva)

• vi – without, apart, dis-
  indeclinable
• aśva – horse
  noun (masculine)

विधनुः (vidhanuḥ) - without a bow (having lost his weapon) (without a bow, deprived of a bow)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vidhanu

vidhanu - without a bow, deprived of a bow

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vi+dhanu)

• vi – without, apart, dis-
  indeclinable
• dhanu – bow
  noun (neuter)

हत-सारथिः (hata-sārathiḥ) - with his charioteer killed (having his charioteer killed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hata-sārathi

hata-sārathi - having his charioteer killed

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (hata+sārathi)

• hata – killed, struck down
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'han' (to strike, kill) with suffix 'kta'.
  Root: han (class 2)
• sārathi – charioteer, driver
  noun (masculine)

गदाम् (gadām) - a mace (mace, club (accusative singular))

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of gadā

gadā - mace, club

आदाय (ādāya) - having taken (in hand) (having taken, taking)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root 'dā' (to give) with prefix 'ā' and suffix 'lyap'.

Prefix: ā

Root: dā (class 3)

कौन्तेयम् (kaunteyam) - towards Arjuna (to the son of Kunti (Yudhishthira, Bhima, Arjuna))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kaunteya

kaunteya - son of Kunti (Yudhishthira, Bhima, Arjuna)

Patronymic from Kunti

अभिदुद्राव (abhidudrāva) - rushed towards (Arjuna) (rushed towards, ran towards)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of abhidru

Perfect Active

Root 'dru' (to run) with prefix 'abhi'. Perfect Tense, 3rd person singular.

Prefix: abhi

Root: dru (class 1)

वेगवान् (vegavān) - swiftly, impetuously (swift, impetuous, powerful)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vegavat

vegavat - swift, impetuous, powerful, rapid

Derived from 'vega' (speed, force) with possessive suffix 'matup'.