महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-65, verse-9

स तु राजा महाराज ब्रह्मास्त्रेणाभिपीडितः ।
शवो बभूव निश्चेष्टो हर्षशोकविवर्धनः ॥९॥

9. sa tu rājā mahārāja brahmāstreṇābhipīḍitaḥ ,
śavo babhūva niśceṣṭo harṣaśokavivardhanaḥ.

9. saḥ tu rājā mahārāja brahmāstreṇa abhipīḍitaḥ
śavaḥ babhūva niśceṣṭaḥ harṣaśokavivardhanaḥ

9. tu saḥ rājā mahārāja brahmāstreṇa abhipīḍitaḥ
niśceṣṭaḥ harṣaśokavivardhanaḥ śavaḥ babhūva

9. But that king, O great king, afflicted by the Brahmāstra, became an inert corpse, causing an increase of joy and sorrow.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, indeed

• राजा (rājā) - king

• महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king Janamejaya (the address to the listener) (O great king)

• ब्रह्मास्त्रेण (brahmāstreṇa) - by the Brahmāstra (a divine weapon)

• अभिपीडितः (abhipīḍitaḥ) - afflicted, distressed, tormented

• शवः (śavaḥ) - corpse, dead body

• बभूव (babhūva) - became, was

• निश्चेष्टः (niśceṣṭaḥ) - motionless, inert, without movement

• हर्षशोकविवर्धनः (harṣaśokavivardhanaḥ) - increasing joy and sorrow

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he

Nominative singular masculine form of 'tad'.

Note: Refers to Parikṣit.

तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, indeed

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects to previous verse, introducing a contrast or continuation.

राजा (rājā) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Nominative singular form of `rājan` (n-stem).

Root: rāj

Note: Refers to Parikṣit.

महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king Janamejaya (the address to the listener) (O great king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

Vocative singular form.

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+rājan)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
  From mahat.
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj

Note: This is an address to Janamejaya, distinct from `rājā` referring to Parikṣit.

ब्रह्मास्त्रेण (brahmāstreṇa) - by the Brahmāstra (a divine weapon)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of brahmāstra

brahmāstra - Brahmā's weapon, a divine weapon

`a`-stem noun.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (brahman+astra)

• brahman – Brahmā (the creator god), sacred utterance, ultimate reality (brahman)
  noun (masculine)
• astra – weapon, missile
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agent of `abhipīḍitaḥ`.

अभिपीडितः (abhipīḍitaḥ) - afflicted, distressed, tormented

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of abhipīḍita

abhipīḍita - afflicted, distressed, oppressed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from √pīḍ (to torment, oppress) with prefix `abhi-` and suffix -ta.

Prefix: abhi

Root: pīḍ (class 10)

Note: Agrees with `saḥ rājā`.

शवः (śavaḥ) - corpse, dead body

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śava

śava - corpse, dead body

`a`-stem noun.

Note: Predicate nominative for `babhūva`.

बभूव (babhūva) - became, was

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of bhū

Perfect Active 3rd Person Singular

From √bhū (class 1, parasmāipada).

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Verb for `saḥ rājā`.

निश्चेष्टः (niśceṣṭaḥ) - motionless, inert, without movement

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of niśceṣṭa

niśceṣṭa - motionless, inert, without effort

`a`-stem adjective.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nis+ceṣṭa)

• nis – without, out, away
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• ceṣṭa – movement, effort, activity
  noun (masculine)
  This is from √ceṣṭ (to move, to endeavor).
  Root: ceṣṭ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `śavaḥ`.

हर्षशोकविवर्धनः (harṣaśokavivardhanaḥ) - increasing joy and sorrow

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of harṣaśokavivardhana

harṣaśokavivardhana - causing an increase of joy and sorrow, intensifying joy and sorrow

`a`-stem adjective.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (harṣa+śoka+vivardhana)

• harṣa – joy, delight, happiness
  noun (masculine)
  Root: hṛṣ (class 1)
• śoka – sorrow, grief, lamentation
  noun (masculine)
  Root: śuc (class 1)
• vivardhana – increasing, causing to grow, intensifying
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun
  Derived from √vṛdh (to grow, increase) with prefixes `vi-` and `ā-`, and agent suffix `ana` (or as a verbal adjective).
  Prefixes: vi+ā
  Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `śavaḥ`.