महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-97, verse-15

रेणुकोवाच ।
शिरस्तावत्प्रदीप्तं मे पादौ चैव तपोधन ।
सूर्यतेजोनिरुद्धाहं वृक्षच्छायामुपाश्रिता ॥१५॥

15. reṇukovāca ,
śirastāvatpradīptaṁ me pādau caiva tapodhana ,
sūryatejoniruddhāhaṁ vṛkṣacchāyāmupāśritā.

15. reṇukā uvāca śiraḥ tāvat pradīptaṃ me pādau ca eva
tapodhana sūryatejoniruddhā aham vṛkṣacchāyām upāśritā

15. reṇukā uvāca: he tapodhana! me śiraḥ tāvat pradīptaṃ ca pādau eva.
aham sūryatejoniruddhā vṛkṣacchāyām upāśritā.

15. Renuka said, 'My head was indeed scorching hot, and my feet too, O one whose wealth is austerity (tapas)! I was overcome by the sun's intense heat and took shelter in the shade of a tree.'

Words meanings summery:

• रेणुका (reṇukā) - Renuka, the speaker (Renuka (proper noun))

• उवाच (uvāca) - Renuka said (he/she said)

• शिरः (śiraḥ) - my head (head, top)

• तावत् (tāvat) - indeed, just (so much, so many, indeed, meanwhile)

• प्रदीप्तं (pradīptaṁ) - intensely hot, scorching (blazing, shining, intensely hot, illuminated)

• मे (me) - my (head, feet) (my, of me, to me)

• पादौ (pādau) - my two feet (two feet)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• एव (eva) - also, indeed (indeed, just, only, also)

• तपोधन (tapodhana) - addressing her husband, Jamadagni, as an ascetic (tapas) (O ascetic! O one whose wealth is austerity!)

• सूर्यतेजोनिरुद्धा (sūryatejoniruddhā) - I was overcome by the sun's intense heat (overcome by the sun's heat, obstructed by the sun's brilliance)

• अहम् (aham) - I (Renuka) (I)

• वृक्षच्छायाम् (vṛkṣacchāyām) - to the shade of a tree (shade of a tree)

• उपाश्रिता (upāśritā) - I took shelter (in the shade) (resorted to, taken refuge in, dependent on)

Words meanings and morphology

रेणुका (reṇukā) - Renuka, the speaker (Renuka (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of reṇukā

reṇukā - Renuka (proper noun)

Name of a legendary woman, wife of sage Jamadagni.

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - Renuka said (he/she said)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of √vac

Perfect active

3rd person singular, perfect active.

Root: vac (class 2)

शिरः (śiraḥ) - my head (head, top)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śiras

śiras - head, top, peak

तावत् (tāvat) - indeed, just (so much, so many, indeed, meanwhile)

(indeclinable)

Adverb.

Note: Emphatic particle.

प्रदीप्तं (pradīptaṁ) - intensely hot, scorching (blazing, shining, intensely hot, illuminated)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pradīpta

pradīpta - blazing, glowing, illuminated, intensely hot

Past Passive Participle

From prefix pra + root √dīp (to shine, blaze) + kta (past passive participle suffix)

Prefix: pra

Root: dīp (class 4)

Note: Predicative use.

मे (me) - my (head, feet) (my, of me, to me)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Enclitic genitive/dative singular form.

पादौ (pādau) - my two feet (two feet)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of pād

pād - foot, leg, quarter

Note: Also implied to be 'pradīptau'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - also, indeed (indeed, just, only, also)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

तपोधन (tapodhana) - addressing her husband, Jamadagni, as an ascetic (tapas) (O ascetic! O one whose wealth is austerity!)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of tapodhana

tapodhana - whose wealth is austerity, rich in asceticism, an ascetic

Compound.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (tapas+dhana)

• tapas – heat, spiritual austerity, penance
  noun (neuter)
  From root √tap (to heat, to perform austerity)
  Root: tap (class 1)
• dhana – wealth, property, riches
  noun (neuter)
  From root √dhā (to place, hold)
  Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Addressing the sage.

सूर्यतेजोनिरुद्धा (sūryatejoniruddhā) - I was overcome by the sun's intense heat (overcome by the sun's heat, obstructed by the sun's brilliance)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of sūryatejasniruddha

sūryatejasniruddha - obstructed/overcome by the sun's heat/splendor

Past Passive Participle (part of compound)

Compound.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sūrya+tejas+niruddha)

• sūrya – sun, solar deity
  noun (masculine)
  Root: sūr
• tejas – brilliance, heat, energy, splendor
  noun (neuter)
  From root √tij (to be sharp)
  Root: tij
• niruddha – obstructed, stopped, overcome, restrained
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From prefix ni + root √rudh (to obstruct) + kta (past passive participle suffix)
  Prefix: ni
  Root: rudh (class 7)

Note: Predicative use, modifying 'aham'.

अहम् (aham) - I (Renuka) (I)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Note: Subject of 'upāśritā'.

वृक्षच्छायाम् (vṛkṣacchāyām) - to the shade of a tree (shade of a tree)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vṛkṣacchāyā

vṛkṣacchāyā - shade of a tree, tree shadow

Compound.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vṛkṣa+chāyā)

• vṛkṣa – tree
  noun (masculine)
• chāyā – shade, shadow, reflection
  noun (feminine)
  From root √chā (to cover)
  Root: chā (class 1)

Note: Object of 'upāśritā'.

उपाश्रिता (upāśritā) - I took shelter (in the shade) (resorted to, taken refuge in, dependent on)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of upāśrita

upāśrita - resorted to, taken refuge in, dependent on, approached

Past Passive Participle

From prefix upa + ā + root √śri (to resort to, seek refuge) + kta (past passive participle suffix)

Prefixes: upa+ā

Root: śri (class 1)

Note: Predicative use.