महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-97, verse-3

भीष्म उवाच ।
शृणु राजन्नवहितश्छत्रोपानहविस्तरम् ।
यथैतत्प्रथितं लोके येन चैतत्प्रवर्तितम् ॥३॥

3. bhīṣma uvāca ,
śṛṇu rājannavahitaśchatropānahavistaram ,
yathaitatprathitaṁ loke yena caitatpravartitam.

3. bhīṣma uvāca śṛṇu rājan avahitaḥ chatropānahavistaram
yathā etat prathitam loke yena ca etat pravartitam

3. Bhīṣma said: Hear, O King (rājan), attentively, the extensive account of umbrellas and footwear, how this became well-known in the world, and by whom it was established.

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhīṣma (name of a warrior and patriarch in the Mahābhārata)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• शृणु (śṛṇu) - hear, listen

• राजन् (rājan) - O King (O king!)

• अवहितः (avahitaḥ) - attentively (as an adjective qualifying the implied subject 'you') (attentive, concentrated, careful)

• छत्रोपानहविस्तरम् (chatropānahavistaram) - the extensive account of umbrellas and footwear (an extensive account of umbrellas and footwear)

• यथा (yathā) - how (as, just as, how)

• एतत् (etat) - this

• प्रथितम् (prathitam) - became well-known (famous, well-known, spread)

• लोके (loke) - in the world (in the world, among people)

• येन (yena) - by whom (by whom, by which)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• एतत् (etat) - this

• प्रवर्तितम् (pravartitam) - established (established, set in motion, introduced)

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhīṣma (name of a warrior and patriarch in the Mahābhārata)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - terrible, formidable; name of a patriarch in the Mahābhārata

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

शृणु (śṛṇu) - hear, listen

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of śru

Root: śru (class 5)

राजन् (rājan) - O King (O king!)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, prince

Root: rāj (class 1)

अवहितः (avahitaḥ) - attentively (as an adjective qualifying the implied subject 'you') (attentive, concentrated, careful)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of avahita

avahita - placed, fixed, attentive, careful, composed

Past Passive Participle

From ava-dhā (to place down, to pay attention)

Prefix: ava

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Modifies the implied subject of 'śṛṇu' (you)

छत्रोपानहविस्तरम् (chatropānahavistaram) - the extensive account of umbrellas and footwear (an extensive account of umbrellas and footwear)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of chatropānahavistara

chatropānahavistara - detail/extent of umbrellas and footwear

Compound type : dvandva-tatpuruṣa (chatra+upānah+vistara)

• chatra – umbrella, parasol
  noun (neuter)
• upānah – shoe, footwear
  noun (feminine)
  Prefixes: upa+ā
  Root: nah (class 4)
• vistara – expansion, extent, detail, description
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: vi
  Root: stṛ (class 5)

यथा (yathā) - how (as, just as, how)

(indeclinable)

एतत् (etat) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etas

etas - this

प्रथितम् (prathitam) - became well-known (famous, well-known, spread)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of prathita

prathita - spread, extended, famous, well-known

Past Passive Participle

From prath (to spread, to be famous)

Root: prath (class 1)

लोके (loke) - in the world (in the world, among people)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of loka

loka - world, region, realm, people

Root: lok (class 1)

येन (yena) - by whom (by whom, by which)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, what

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

एतत् (etat) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etas

etas - this

प्रवर्तितम् (pravartitam) - established (established, set in motion, introduced)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pravartita

pravartita - set in motion, begun, established, introduced

Past Passive Participle

From pra-vṛt (to set in motion, to cause to proceed)

Prefix: pra

Root: vṛt (class 1)