महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-97, verse-1

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
यदिदं श्राद्धधर्मेषु दीयते भरतर्षभ ।
छत्रं चोपानहौ चैव केनैतत्संप्रवर्तितम् ।
कथं चैतत्समुत्पन्नं किमर्थं च प्रदीयते ॥१॥

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
yadidaṁ śrāddhadharmeṣu dīyate bharatarṣabha ,
chatraṁ copānahau caiva kenaitatsaṁpravartitam ,
kathaṁ caitatsamutpannaṁ kimarthaṁ ca pradīyate.

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca yat idam śrāddha-dharmeṣu
dīyate bharatarṣabha chatram ca upānahau
ca eva kena etat sampravartitam katham
ca etat samutpannam kimartham ca pradīyate

1. Yudhiṣṭhira said: O best of the Bhāratas (bharatarṣabha), this which is given during ancestral rites (śrāddha) – an umbrella and footwear – by whom was this established? How did this originate, and for what purpose is it given?

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhiṣṭhira (name of a king, eldest Pāṇḍava)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• यत् (yat) - that which (which, that)

• इदम् (idam) - this

• श्राद्ध-धर्मेषु (śrāddha-dharmeṣu) - during ancestral rites (in ancestral rites, in duties related to śrāddha)

• दीयते (dīyate) - is given, is offered

• भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O best of the Bhāratas (O best of Bhāratas, O bull among Bhāratas)

• छत्रम् (chatram) - an umbrella (umbrella, parasol)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• उपानहौ (upānahau) - footwear (a pair of shoes) (two shoes, footwear)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

• केन (kena) - by whom

• एतत् (etat) - this

• सम्प्रवर्तितम् (sampravartitam) - established (established, set in motion, introduced)

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• एतत् (etat) - this

• समुत्पन्नम् (samutpannam) - originated (originated, arisen, produced)

• किमर्थम् (kimartham) - for what purpose (for what purpose, why)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• प्रदीयते (pradīyate) - is given (is given, is offered)

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhiṣṭhira (name of a king, eldest Pāṇḍava)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - firm in battle; name of the eldest Pāṇḍava

Compound: yudhi (in battle) + sthira (firm)

Compound type : aluk-tatpuruṣa (yudh+sthira)

• yudh – battle, fight
  noun (feminine)
  Root: yudh (class 4)
• sthira – firm, steady, constant
  adjective
  From root sthā (to stand)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

यत् (yat) - that which (which, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what

इदम् (idam) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this here

श्राद्ध-धर्मेषु (śrāddha-dharmeṣu) - during ancestral rites (in ancestral rites, in duties related to śrāddha)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of śrāddha-dharma

śrāddha-dharma - rite of ancestral veneration, ancestral rite (dharma)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śrāddha+dharma)

• śrāddha – ancestral rite, offering to ancestors, faith, reverence
  noun (neuter)
• dharma – constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

दीयते (dīyate) - is given, is offered

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of dā

Root: dā (class 3)

भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O best of the Bhāratas (O best of Bhāratas, O bull among Bhāratas)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bharatarṣabha

bharatarṣabha - best of the Bhāratas, chief of the Bhāratas

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (bharata+ṛṣabha)

• bharata – descendant of Bharata, name of an ancient king, name of a tribe
  proper noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, chief, best, excellent
  noun (masculine)

छत्रम् (chatram) - an umbrella (umbrella, parasol)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of chatra

chatra - umbrella, parasol, canopy

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

उपानहौ (upānahau) - footwear (a pair of shoes) (two shoes, footwear)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, dual of upānah

upānah - shoe, slipper, sandal, footwear

Prefixes: upa+ā

Root: nah (class 4)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

(indeclinable)

केन (kena) - by whom

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

एतत् (etat) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etas

etas - this

सम्प्रवर्तितम् (sampravartitam) - established (established, set in motion, introduced)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sampravartita

sampravartita - set in motion, begun, established, introduced

Past Passive Participle

From sam-pra-vṛt (to set in motion, to cause to proceed)

Prefixes: sam+pra

Root: vṛt (class 1)

कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

एतत् (etat) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etas

etas - this

समुत्पन्नम् (samutpannam) - originated (originated, arisen, produced)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of samutpanna

samutpanna - arisen, produced, originated, born

Past Passive Participle

From sam-ud-pad (to arise, to be produced)

Prefixes: sam+ud

Root: pad (class 4)

किमर्थम् (kimartham) - for what purpose (for what purpose, why)

(indeclinable)

Compound of kim (what) + artham (purpose, for)

Compound type : avyayībhāva (kim+artha)

• kim – what, which
  pronoun
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth, object
  noun (masculine)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

प्रदीयते (pradīyate) - is given (is given, is offered)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of pradā

Prefix: pra

Root: dā (class 3)