महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-97, verse-19

अथ तं प्रहरिष्यन्तं सूर्योऽभ्येत्य वचोऽब्रवीत् ।
द्विजरूपेण कौन्तेय किं ते सूर्योऽपराध्यते ॥१९॥

19. atha taṁ prahariṣyantaṁ sūryo'bhyetya vaco'bravīt ,
dvijarūpeṇa kaunteya kiṁ te sūryo'parādhyate.

19. atha tam prahariṣyantam sūryaḥ abhyetya vacaḥ abravīt
| dvijarūpeṇa kaunteya kim te sūryaḥ aparādhyate

19. atha tam prahariṣyantam (jamadagniṃ) sūryaḥ abhyetya dvijarūpeṇa vacaḥ abravīt.
kaunteya,
kim te sūryaḥ aparādhyate?

19. Then, the Sun (Sūrya), having approached him (Jamadagni) who was about to strike, spoke these words in the form of a twice-born (dvija): 'O son of Kunti (Kaunteya), how has the Sun (Sūrya) offended you?'

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - then, thereupon, now

• तम् (tam) - him (Jamadagni) (him, that)

• प्रहरिष्यन्तम् (prahariṣyantam) - him (Jamadagni) who was about to strike (about to strike, intending to strike)

• सूर्यः (sūryaḥ) - the deity (Sūrya) (the Sun)

• अभ्येत्य (abhyetya) - having approached, having come near

• वचः (vacaḥ) - these words (word, speech)

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke, he said

• द्विजरूपेण (dvijarūpeṇa) - in the form of a (dvija) (in the form of a twice-born, in the form of a brahmin)

• कौन्तेय (kaunteya) - O son of Kunti (Kaunteya) (O son of Kunti)

• किम् (kim) - how (what, why, how)

• ते (te) - to you, by you

• सूर्यः (sūryaḥ) - the deity (Sūrya) (the Sun)

• अपराध्यते (aparādhyate) - is offended, is wronged, sins against

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - then, thereupon, now

(indeclinable)

तम् (tam) - him (Jamadagni) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

प्रहरिष्यन्तम् (prahariṣyantam) - him (Jamadagni) who was about to strike (about to strike, intending to strike)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of prahariṣyat

prahariṣyat - about to strike, intending to strike

Future Active Participle

Future active participle of root hṛ (to take, carry) with prefix pra-, here meaning 'to strike'.

Prefix: pra

Root: hṛ (class 1)

सूर्यः (sūryaḥ) - the deity (Sūrya) (the Sun)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sūrya

sūrya - Sun, the Sun god

अभ्येत्य (abhyetya) - having approached, having come near

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root i (to go) with prefixes abhi- and ā- (merged into abhy-), suffix -ya.

Prefixes: abhi+ā

Root: i (class 2)

वचः (vacaḥ) - these words (word, speech)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacas

vacas - word, speech, saying

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke, he said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect Active

Third person singular, imperfect active of root brū (with augment a-).

Root: brū (class 2)

द्विजरूपेण (dvijarūpeṇa) - in the form of a (dvija) (in the form of a twice-born, in the form of a brahmin)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of dvijarūpa

dvijarūpa - having the form of a dvija, in the form of a twice-born

Compound type : tatpurusha (dvija+rūpa)

• dvija – twice-born (a brahmin, kshatriya, or vaishya); a bird; a tooth
  noun (masculine)
• rūpa – form, shape, appearance
  noun (neuter)

कौन्तेय (kaunteya) - O son of Kunti (Kaunteya) (O son of Kunti)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of kaunteya

kaunteya - son of Kunti (e.g., Arjuna, Yudhiṣṭhira, Bhīma)

Patronymic from Kuntī.

किम् (kim) - how (what, why, how)

(indeclinable)

ते (te) - to you, by you

(pronoun)

singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Here, in sense of 'to you' (dative) or 'by you' (genitive of agent with passive verb).

सूर्यः (sūryaḥ) - the deity (Sūrya) (the Sun)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sūrya

sūrya - Sun, the Sun god

अपराध्यते (aparādhyate) - is offended, is wronged, sins against

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle/passive, present (laṭ) of aparādh

Present Middle/Passive

Third person singular, present middle/passive of root rādh (to succeed, accomplish) with prefix apa- (here 'to fail, to offend').

Prefix: apa

Root: rādh (class 4)