महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-8, verse-11

धन्यः स्यां यद्यहं भूयः सौम्य ब्राह्मणकोऽपि वा ।
कुले जातो धर्मगतिस्तपोविद्यापरायणः ॥११॥

11. dhanyaḥ syāṁ yadyahaṁ bhūyaḥ saumya brāhmaṇako'pi vā ,
kule jāto dharmagatistapovidyāparāyaṇaḥ.

11. dhanyaḥ syām yadi aham bhūyaḥ saumya brāhmaṇakaḥ
api vā kule jātaḥ dharmagatiḥ tapovidyāparāyaṇaḥ

11. saumya yadi aham bhūyaḥ brāhmaṇakaḥ api vā kule jātaḥ,
dharmagatiḥ tapovidyāparāyaṇaḥ (syām),
(tada) dhanyaḥ syām.

11. O gentle one, I would indeed be blessed if I were to be born again, even as a brahmin (brāhmaṇa), into a family whose conduct is governed by natural law (dharma) and who is dedicated to spiritual discipline (tapas) and knowledge.

Words meanings summery:

• धन्यः (dhanyaḥ) - blessed, fortunate, auspicious

• स्याम् (syām) - I would be, may I be

• यदि (yadi) - if

• अहम् (aham) - I

• भूयः (bhūyaḥ) - again, further, more

• सौम्य (saumya) - O gentle one, O mild one

• ब्राह्मणकः (brāhmaṇakaḥ) - a brahmin (brāhmaṇa) (a brahmin (brāhmaṇa), a little brahmin)

• अपि (api) - even, also, too, moreover

• वा (vā) - or, and

• कुले (kule) - in a family, in a lineage

• जातः (jātaḥ) - born, produced, become

• धर्मगतिः (dharmagatiḥ) - whose path is natural law (dharma), whose conduct is governed by natural law

• तपोविद्यापरायणः (tapovidyāparāyaṇaḥ) - devoted to austerity (tapas) and knowledge, whose supreme resort is spiritual discipline and knowledge

Words meanings and morphology

धन्यः (dhanyaḥ) - blessed, fortunate, auspicious

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhanya

dhanya - blessed, fortunate, auspicious, wealthy, good

Derived from 'dhana' (wealth) with the suffix '-ya'.

Note: Predicate adjective for 'aham' (I).

स्याम् (syām) - I would be, may I be

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of as

Optative active, 1st singular

From the root 'as' (to be).

Root: as (class 2)

यदि (yadi) - if

(indeclinable)

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me (first person pronoun)

Note: Subject of the implied verb (syām).

भूयः (bhūyaḥ) - again, further, more

(indeclinable)

Adverbial form, comparative of 'bahu' (much).

सौम्य (saumya) - O gentle one, O mild one

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of saumya

saumya - gentle, mild, benevolent, amiable, relating to Soma or the moon

From 'soma' (moon, or the deity Soma) with the suffix '-ya'.

ब्राह्मणकः (brāhmaṇakaḥ) - a brahmin (brāhmaṇa) (a brahmin (brāhmaṇa), a little brahmin)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇaka

brāhmaṇaka - a brahmin (potentially with a diminutive or slightly pejorative nuance, but here likely just 'a brahmin')

From 'brāhmaṇa' with the suffix '-ka'.

अपि (api) - even, also, too, moreover

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

वा (vā) - or, and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connective particle, often used with 'api' for 'even if/or'.

कुले (kule) - in a family, in a lineage

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of kula

kula - family, lineage, race, house, noble family

जातः (jātaḥ) - born, produced, become

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jāta

jāta - born, produced, generated, happened, become

Past Passive Participle

From the root 'jan' (to be born, produced).

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'aham'.

धर्मगतिः (dharmagatiḥ) - whose path is natural law (dharma), whose conduct is governed by natural law

(compound)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dharma+gati)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, righteousness, duty, virtue, custom
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'dhṛ' (to sustain, uphold).
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• gati – motion, path, course, destiny, conduct, state
  noun (feminine)
  From root 'gam' (to go).
  Root: gam (class 1)

तपोविद्यापरायणः (tapovidyāparāyaṇaḥ) - devoted to austerity (tapas) and knowledge, whose supreme resort is spiritual discipline and knowledge

(compound)

Compound type : dvandva-tatpuruṣa (tapas+vidyā+parāyaṇa)

• tapas – austerity, penance, spiritual discipline, heat
  noun (neuter)
  From root 'tap' (to heat, suffer penance).
  Root: tap (class 1)
• vidyā – knowledge, learning, science, lore
  noun (feminine)
  From root 'vid' (to know).
  Root: vid (class 2)
• parāyaṇa – chief object, ultimate resort, devoted to, intent on
  noun (neuter)
  From 'para' (supreme) + 'ayana' (going, course, resort).
  Prefix: parā
  Root: i (class 2)