महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-8, verse-10

शक्यं ह्येवाहवे योद्धुं न दातुमनसूयितम् ।
शूरा वीराश्च शतशः सन्ति लोके युधिष्ठिर ।
तेषां संख्यायमानानां दानशूरो विशिष्यते ॥१०॥

10. śakyaṁ hyevāhave yoddhuṁ na dātumanasūyitam ,
śūrā vīrāśca śataśaḥ santi loke yudhiṣṭhira ,
teṣāṁ saṁkhyāyamānānāṁ dānaśūro viśiṣyate.

10. śakyam hi eva āhave yoddhum na dātum
anasūyitam śūrāḥ vīrāḥ ca śataśaḥ
santi loke yudhiṣṭhira teṣām
saṃkhyāyamānānām dānaśūraḥ viśiṣyate

10. yudhiṣṭhira hi eva āhave yoddhum śakyam,
anasūyitam dātum na (śakyam).
loke śataśaḥ śūrāḥ vīrāḥ ca santi.
teṣām saṃkhyāyamānānām dānaśūraḥ viśiṣyate

10. O Yudhishthira, it is indeed possible to fight in battle, but it is not possible to give without grudging (dāna). Hundreds of brave warriors exist in the world, yet among all those who are counted, the hero of giving (dāna) stands out.

Words meanings summery:

• शक्यम् (śakyam) - possible, capable, feasible

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for, because

• एव (eva) - just, only, indeed, certainly

• आहवे (āhave) - in battle, in combat

• योद्धुम् (yoddhum) - to fight

• न (na) - not, no

• दातुम् (dātum) - to give

• अनसूयितम् (anasūyitam) - ungrudgingly, without envy, cheerfully

• शूराः (śūrāḥ) - brave ones, heroes, warriors

• वीराः (vīrāḥ) - heroes, valorous ones, brave men

• च (ca) - and, also

• शतशः (śataśaḥ) - by hundreds, hundreds

• सन्ति (santi) - they are, they exist

• लोके (loke) - in the world

• युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - O Yudhishthira

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them, among them

• संख्यायमानानाम् (saṁkhyāyamānānām) - of those being counted, reckoned, enumerated

• दानशूरः (dānaśūraḥ) - the hero of giving (dāna) (a hero of giving, one brave in charity, a generous hero)

• विशिष्यते (viśiṣyate) - stands out, excels, is distinguished, surpasses

Words meanings and morphology

शक्यम् (śakyam) - possible, capable, feasible

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śakya

śakya - possible, capable, feasible, proper to be done

Gerundive

From the root 'śak' (to be able, to be powerful).

Root: śak (class 5)

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for, because

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - just, only, indeed, certainly

(indeclinable)

आहवे (āhave) - in battle, in combat

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of āhava

āhava - battle, combat, war, challenge

From the root 'hve' (to call, challenge) with prefix 'ā'.

Prefix: ā

Root: hve (class 1)

योद्धुम् (yoddhum) - to fight

(verb)

active, infinitive (tumun) of yudh

Infinitive

Infinitive form from the root 'yudh' (to fight) with suffix '-tumun'.

Root: yudh (class 4)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

दातुम् (dātum) - to give

(verb)

active, infinitive (tumun) of dā

Infinitive

Infinitive form from the root 'dā' (to give) with suffix '-tumun'.

Root: dā (class 3)

अनसूयितम् (anasūyitam) - ungrudgingly, without envy, cheerfully

(indeclinable)

Past Passive Participle (derived from verb root 'sūy' with negation)

Formed from the negative prefix 'an-' and 'asūyita' (envied, grudged), which is the past passive participle of 'sūy' (to envy, grudge).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+asūyita)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• asūyita – envied, grudged, maligned
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'asūy' (to envy, grudge).
  Root: asūy (class 10)

Note: Functions adverbially.

शूराः (śūrāḥ) - brave ones, heroes, warriors

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śūra

śūra - brave, valiant, hero, warrior, mighty

Note: Subject.

वीराः (vīrāḥ) - heroes, valorous ones, brave men

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vīra

vīra - hero, brave man, warrior, strong

Root: vī (class 2)

Note: Subject, often paired with 'śūra'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

शतशः (śataśaḥ) - by hundreds, hundreds

(indeclinable)

From 'śata' (hundred) with the adverbial suffix '-śas'.

Note: Adverbial modifier.

सन्ति (santi) - they are, they exist

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of as

Present active indicative, 3rd plural

From the root 'as' (to be).

Root: as (class 2)

लोके (loke) - in the world

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of loka

loka - world, realm, people, open space

Root: lok (class 1)

युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - O Yudhishthira

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhishthira (proper name, 'steady in battle')

तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them, among them

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to the 'śūrāḥ vīrāḥ'.

संख्यायमानानाम् (saṁkhyāyamānānām) - of those being counted, reckoned, enumerated

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of saṃkhyāyamāna

saṁkhyāyamāna - being counted, reckoned, enumerated

Present Middle Participle

From the root 'khyā' (to tell, enumerate) with prefix 'sam', in the passive sense (middle participle).

Prefix: sam

Root: khyā (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'teṣām'.

दानशूरः (dānaśūraḥ) - the hero of giving (dāna) (a hero of giving, one brave in charity, a generous hero)

(compound)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dāna+śūra)

• dāna – giving, gift, charity, liberality
  noun (neuter)
  From root 'dā' (to give).
  Root: dā (class 3)
• śūra – brave, valiant, hero, warrior
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of 'viśiṣyate'.

विशिष्यते (viśiṣyate) - stands out, excels, is distinguished, surpasses

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of viśiṣ

Present middle indicative, 3rd singular

From the root 'śiṣ' (to remain, leave) with prefix 'vi'. Here used reflexively/intransitively in the middle voice.

Prefix: vi

Root: śiṣ (class 7)