महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-28, verse-4

भीष्म उवाच ।
ब्राह्मण्यं तात दुष्प्रापं वर्णैः क्षत्रादिभिस्त्रिभिः ।
परं हि सर्वभूतानां स्थानमेतद्युधिष्ठिर ॥४॥

4. bhīṣma uvāca ,
brāhmaṇyaṁ tāta duṣprāpaṁ varṇaiḥ kṣatrādibhistribhiḥ ,
paraṁ hi sarvabhūtānāṁ sthānametadyudhiṣṭhira.

4. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca brāhmaṇyam tāta duṣprāpam varṇaiḥ kṣatra-ādibhiḥ
tribhiḥ param hi sarva-bhūtānām sthānam etat yudhiṣṭhira

4. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca tāta yudhiṣṭhira kṣatra-ādibhiḥ tribhiḥ varṇaiḥ
brāhmaṇyam duṣprāpam hi etat sthānam sarva-bhūtānām param

4. Bhishma said: "O dear one, the state of being a brahmin (brāhmaṇya) is difficult for the three other classes (varṇas) like the kṣatriyas to attain. Indeed, O Yudhiṣṭhira, this is the supreme position for all beings."

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• ब्राह्मण्यम् (brāhmaṇyam) - the state of being a brahmin, brahminhood

• तात (tāta) - address to Yudhiṣṭhira, implying affection (O dear one, my son, father)

• दुष्प्रापम् (duṣprāpam) - difficult to attain, hard to reach

• वर्णैः (varṇaiḥ) - by the classes, by the social orders

• क्षत्र-आदिभिः (kṣatra-ādibhiḥ) - Refers to the other three social classes (varṇas) besides brahmins, starting with kṣatriyas. (by the kṣatriyas and others, by those beginning with kṣatra)

• त्रिभिः (tribhiḥ) - Refers to the three varṇas other than the brahmins (kṣatriya, vaiśya, śūdra). (by three, by the three)

• परम् (param) - supreme, highest, excellent

• हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

• सर्व-भूतानाम् (sarva-bhūtānām) - of all beings, for all creatures

• स्थानम् (sthānam) - Refers to the "state of being a brahmin" (brāhmaṇya). (place, position, state, condition)

• एतत् (etat) - Refers to the "state of being a brahmin" (brāhmaṇya). (this, that)

• युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - O Yudhiṣṭhira

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (a prominent character in the Mahabharata, son of Shantanu and Ganga)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect past (lit) of vac

perfect tense, 3rd person singular

Perfect active, root vac (2nd class), reduplicated past tense form

Root: vac (class 2)

ब्राह्मण्यम् (brāhmaṇyam) - the state of being a brahmin, brahminhood

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of brāhmaṇya

brāhmaṇya - the state or condition of a brahmin, brahminhood

Derived from brāhmaṇa with the suffix -ya (abstract noun)

तात (tāta) - address to Yudhiṣṭhira, implying affection (O dear one, my son, father)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of tāta

tāta - father, dear one, son (used in affectionate address)

दुष्प्रापम् (duṣprāpam) - difficult to attain, hard to reach

(adjective)

neuter, singular of duṣprāpa

duṣprāpa - difficult to obtain/attain/reach

Compound of duṣ (bad/difficult) and prāpa (to be obtained)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dus+prāpa)

• dus – bad, difficult, ill
  indeclinable
  Prefix/upasarga
• prāpa – obtainable, to be reached
  adjective (masculine)
  gerundive/potential participle
  from pra-āp (to obtain) with suffix -a
  Prefix: pra
  Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Agrees with brāhmaṇyam.

वर्णैः (varṇaiḥ) - by the classes, by the social orders

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of varṇa

varṇa - color, class, social order, caste

क्षत्र-आदिभिः (kṣatra-ādibhiḥ) - Refers to the other three social classes (varṇas) besides brahmins, starting with kṣatriyas. (by the kṣatriyas and others, by those beginning with kṣatra)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of kṣatra-ādi

kṣatra-ādi - kṣatriya and so on, beginning with kṣatriyas

Compound of kṣatra and ādi

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kṣatra+ādi)

• kṣatra – rule, dominion, the warrior class (kṣatriya)
  noun (neuter)
• ādi – beginning, et cetera, and others
  indeclinable

Note: Agrees with varṇaiḥ.

त्रिभिः (tribhiḥ) - Refers to the three varṇas other than the brahmins (kṣatriya, vaiśya, śūdra). (by three, by the three)

(numeral)

Note: Agrees with varṇaiḥ and kṣatrādibhiḥ.

परम् (param) - supreme, highest, excellent

(adjective)

neuter, singular of para

para - other, another, supreme, highest, excellent

Note: Agrees with sthānam.

हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

(indeclinable)

particle

सर्व-भूतानाम् (sarva-bhūtānām) - of all beings, for all creatures

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, plural of sarva-bhūta

sarva-bhūta - all beings, all creatures

Compound of sarva and bhūta

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sarva+bhūta)

• sarva – all, every
  pronoun (masculine)
• bhūta – being, creature, element, past
  noun (neuter)
  past passive participle
  from root bhū (to be, to exist)
  Root: bhū (class 1)

स्थानम् (sthānam) - Refers to the "state of being a brahmin" (brāhmaṇya). (place, position, state, condition)

(noun)

neuter, singular of sthāna

sthāna - place, position, abode, state, condition

From root sthā (to stand)

Root: sthā (class 1)

एतत् (etat) - Refers to the "state of being a brahmin" (brāhmaṇya). (this, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, that (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Agrees with sthānam.

युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - O Yudhiṣṭhira

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira (eldest of the Pāṇḍavas, known for his righteousness)

Compound: yudhi (in battle) + sthira (firm, steady)

Compound type : aluk-tatpuruṣa (yudh+sthira)

• yudh – battle, war
  noun (feminine)
• sthira – firm, steady, stable
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: sthā (class 1)