महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-28, verse-10

तं तु तीव्रव्रणं दृष्ट्वा गर्दभी पुत्रगृद्धिनी ।
उवाच मा शुचः पुत्र चण्डालस्त्वाधितिष्ठति ॥१०॥

10. taṁ tu tīvravraṇaṁ dṛṣṭvā gardabhī putragṛddhinī ,
uvāca mā śucaḥ putra caṇḍālastvādhitiṣṭhati.

10. taṃ tu tīvravraṇaṃ dṛṣṭvā gardabhī putragṛddhinī
uvāca mā śucaḥ putra caṇḍālaḥ tvā adhitiṣṭhati

10. tu putragṛddhinī gardabhī tīvravraṇaṃ taṃ dṛṣṭvā
uvāca putra mā śucaḥ caṇḍālaḥ tvā adhitiṣṭhati

10. But seeing him with a severe wound, the mother donkey, devoted to her son, said: 'Do not grieve, my son! A caṇḍāla (caṇḍāla) is oppressing you.'

Words meanings summery:

• तं (taṁ) - referring to the young donkey (him, that)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

• तीव्रव्रणं (tīvravraṇaṁ) - having a severe wound

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• गर्दभी (gardabhī) - the she-donkey, mother donkey

• पुत्रगृद्धिनी (putragṛddhinī) - longing for her son, devoted to her son

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• मा (mā) - not, do not (prohibitive particle)

• शुचः (śucaḥ) - grieve (imperative, aorist subjunctive with mā)

• पुत्र (putra) - O son

• चण्डालः (caṇḍālaḥ) - an outcast, caṇḍāla

• त्वा (tvā) - you (accusative)

• अधितिष्ठति (adhitiṣṭhati) - stands over, oppresses, occupies

Words meanings and morphology

तं (taṁ) - referring to the young donkey (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

तीव्रव्रणं (tīvravraṇaṁ) - having a severe wound

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tīvravraṇa

tīvravraṇa - having a severe wound, severely injured

Compound type : bahuvrihi (tīvra+vraṇa)

• tīvra – sharp, intense, severe, violent
  adjective (masculine)
• vraṇa – wound, sore, injury
  noun (masculine)

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

from root dṛś

Root: dṛś (class 1)

गर्दभी (gardabhī) - the she-donkey, mother donkey

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of gardabhī

gardabhī - she-donkey, female ass

पुत्रगृद्धिनी (putragṛddhinī) - longing for her son, devoted to her son

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of putragṛddhin

putragṛddhin - greedy for a son, fond of a son, longing for a son

Compound type : tatpurusha (putra+gṛddhin)

• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)
• gṛddhin – greedy, longing for, eager
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: gṛdh (class 4)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect

Irregular perfect of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

मा (mā) - not, do not (prohibitive particle)

(indeclinable)

शुचः (śucaḥ) - grieve (imperative, aorist subjunctive with mā)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, aorist prohibitive (luṅ) of śuc

Aorist Imperative/Subjunctive

Aorist form (2nd person singular) used with mā for prohibition

Root: śuc (class 1)

पुत्र (putra) - O son

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

चण्डालः (caṇḍālaḥ) - an outcast, caṇḍāla

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of caṇḍāla

caṇḍāla - an outcast, an untouchable, a member of the lowest caste

त्वा (tvā) - you (accusative)

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of yusmad

yusmad - you

अधितिष्ठति (adhitiṣṭhati) - stands over, oppresses, occupies

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of adhi-sthā

Present

from adhi- + sthā

Prefix: adhi

Root: sthā (class 1)