महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-28, verse-27

श्रेष्ठं यत्सर्वभूतेषु तपो यन्नातिवर्तते ।
तदग्र्यं प्रार्थयानस्त्वमचिराद्विनशिष्यसि ॥२७॥

27. śreṣṭhaṁ yatsarvabhūteṣu tapo yannātivartate ,
tadagryaṁ prārthayānastvamacirādvinaśiṣyasi.

27. śreṣṭham yat sarvabhūteṣu tapaḥ yat na ativartate
tat agryam prārthayānaḥ tvam acirāt vinaśiṣyasi

27. That most excellent (tapas) which stands supreme among all beings, and which cannot be surpassed – by seeking that highest (tapas), you will perish without delay.

Words meanings summery:

• श्रेष्ठम् (śreṣṭham) - best, most excellent, supreme

• यत् (yat) - which, that

• सर्वभूतेषु (sarvabhūteṣu) - among all beings, in all creatures

• तपः (tapaḥ) - ascetic practice (tapas) (asceticism, penance)

• यत् (yat) - which, that

• न (na) - not, no

• अतिवर्तते (ativartate) - transcends, surpasses, is transgressed

• तत् (tat) - that (tapas) (that)

• अग्र्यम् (agryam) - foremost, excellent, supreme

• प्रार्थयानः (prārthayānaḥ) - seeking, desiring, praying for

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• अचिरात् (acirāt) - quickly, without delay, soon

• विनशिष्यसि (vinaśiṣyasi) - you will perish, you will be destroyed

Words meanings and morphology

श्रेष्ठम् (śreṣṭham) - best, most excellent, supreme

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śreṣṭha

śreṣṭha - best, most excellent, supreme, chief

superlative of praśasya (excellent)

Note: Predicate adjective for 'tapaḥ'.

यत् (yat) - which, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that (relative pronoun)

Note: Relative pronoun, referring to 'tapaḥ'.

सर्वभूतेषु (sarvabhūteṣu) - among all beings, in all creatures

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of sarvabhūta

sarvabhūta - all beings, all creatures

Compound: sarva (all) + bhūta (being)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sarva+bhūta)

• sarva – all, every
  pronoun/adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
• bhūta – being, creature, element
  participle/noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  from bhū + kta
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Denotes a sphere of comparison.

तपः (tapaḥ) - ascetic practice (tapas) (asceticism, penance)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - asceticism, penance, heat, religious austerity

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Subject of the clause 'yat śreṣṭham...'.

यत् (yat) - which, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that (relative pronoun)

Note: Relative pronoun, referring to 'tapaḥ'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates 'ativartate'.

अतिवर्तते (ativartate) - transcends, surpasses, is transgressed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of ativṛt

Prefix: ati

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: The subject is 'tapaḥ'.

तत् (tat) - that (tapas) (that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it (demonstrative/anaphoric pronoun)

Note: Refers to 'tapaḥ'. Object of 'prārthayānaḥ'.

अग्र्यम् (agryam) - foremost, excellent, supreme

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of agrya

agrya - foremost, chief, best, excellent

from agra (top, front) + ya (suffix)

Note: Modifies 'tat'.

प्रार्थयानः (prārthayānaḥ) - seeking, desiring, praying for

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prārth

prārth - to request, ask, seek, pray for

Present Participle (Middle)

from pra-arth + śānac

Prefix: pra

Root: arth (class 10)

Note: Agrees with 'tvam'.

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (pronoun)

Note: Subject of 'vinaśiṣyasi'.

अचिरात् (acirāt) - quickly, without delay, soon

(indeclinable)

Compound: a (neg.) + cira (long time)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+cira)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  negative particle
• cira – long time
  noun (masculine/neuter)

Note: Adverbial usage to denote time.

विनशिष्यसि (vinaśiṣyasi) - you will perish, you will be destroyed

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of vinaś

Prefix: vi

Root: naś (class 4)