महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-28, verse-26

एतच्छ्रुत्वा तु वचनं तमुवाच पुरंदरः ।
ब्राह्मण्यं प्रार्थयानस्त्वमप्राप्यमकृतात्मभिः ॥२६॥

26. etacchrutvā tu vacanaṁ tamuvāca puraṁdaraḥ ,
brāhmaṇyaṁ prārthayānastvamaprāpyamakṛtātmabhiḥ.

26. etat śrutvā tu vacanam tam uvāca purandaraḥ
brāhmaṇyam prārthayānaḥ tvam aprāpyam akṛtātmabhiḥ

26. Having heard this statement, Purandara (Indra) then said to him: 'You are seeking brahminhood (brāhmaṇyam), which is unattainable by those whose inner selves (ātman) are not perfected.'

Words meanings summery:

• एतत् (etat) - this statement of Matanga (this, this statement)

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard, after hearing

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• वचनम् (vacanam) - word, statement, speech

• तम् (tam) - Matanga (him)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• पुरन्दरः (purandaraḥ) - The deity Indra (Indra, destroyer of cities)

• ब्राह्मण्यम् (brāhmaṇyam) - brahminhood, the state of being a Brahmin

• प्रार्थयानः (prārthayānaḥ) - requesting, praying for, seeking

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• अप्राप्यम् (aprāpyam) - unattainable, not to be obtained

• अकृतात्मभिः (akṛtātmabhiḥ) - by those whose selves are not perfected, by the undeveloped

Words meanings and morphology

एतत् (etat) - this statement of Matanga (this, this statement)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Object of 'śrutvā', referring to 'vacanam'.

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard, after hearing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

from śru + ktvā

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Indicates an action completed before the main verb 'uvāca'.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes a shift or contrast.

वचनम् (vacanam) - word, statement, speech

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - speaking, saying, word, speech, statement

from vac + ana

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of 'śrutvā'.

तम् (tam) - Matanga (him)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he (demonstrative/anaphoric pronoun)

Note: Object of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

पुरन्दरः (purandaraḥ) - The deity Indra (Indra, destroyer of cities)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of purandara

purandara - destroyer of cities (an epithet of Indra)

Compound: pura (city) + dara (destroyer, from dṝ)

Compound type : upapada-tatpuruṣa (pura+dara)

• pura – city, fortress
  noun (neuter)
• dara – destroyer, tearing
  noun (masculine)
  agent noun
  from dṝ (to tear, burst)
  Root: dṝ (class 9)

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

ब्राह्मण्यम् (brāhmaṇyam) - brahminhood, the state of being a Brahmin

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of brāhmaṇya

brāhmaṇya - brahminhood, the status or office of a Brahmin; suitability for a Brahmin

from brāhmaṇa + ya (abstract suffix)

Note: Object of 'prārthayānaḥ'.

प्रार्थयानः (prārthayānaḥ) - requesting, praying for, seeking

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prārth

prārth - to request, ask, seek, pray for

Present Participle (Middle)

from pra-arth + śānac

Prefix: pra

Root: arth (class 10)

Note: Agrees with 'tvam'.

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (pronoun)

Note: Subject of the implicit verb (are).

अप्राप्यम् (aprāpyam) - unattainable, not to be obtained

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of aprāpya

aprāpya - unattainable, not to be obtained

Gerundive (negative)

from a (neg.) + prāpya (gerundive of pra-āp)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+prāpya)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  negative particle
• prāpya – to be obtained, reachable
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
  Gerundive
  from pra-āp + ya
  Prefix: pra
  Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Predicate adjective for 'brāhmaṇyam'.

अकृतात्मभिः (akṛtātmabhiḥ) - by those whose selves are not perfected, by the undeveloped

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of akṛtātman

akṛtātman - one whose self (ātman) is not perfected or refined

Compound: a (neg.) + kṛta (done, made, perfected) + ātman (self)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+kṛta+ātman)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  negative particle
• kṛta – done, made, accomplished, perfected
  participle (masculine/feminine/neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  from kṛ + kta
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essential nature
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agent of 'aprāpyam'.