महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-28, verse-23

तं तथा तपसा युक्तमुवाच हरिवाहनः ।
मतङ्ग तप्यसे किं त्वं भोगानुत्सृज्य मानुषान् ॥२३॥

23. taṁ tathā tapasā yuktamuvāca harivāhanaḥ ,
mataṅga tapyase kiṁ tvaṁ bhogānutsṛjya mānuṣān.

23. tam tathā tapasā yuktam uvāca harivāhanaḥ
matanga tapyase kim tvam bhogān utsṛjya mānuṣān

23. harivāhanaḥ tapasā tathā yuktam tam uvāca
matanga tvaṃ mānuṣān bhogān utsṛjya kim tapyase

23. To him, thus endowed with austerity (tapas), Hari-vāhana (Indra) spoke: 'O Matanga, why do you perform austerity (tapas), abandoning human pleasures?'

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him; to him (masculine)

• तथा (tathā) - thus; in that manner; so

• तपसा (tapasā) - by austerity; with penance

• युक्तम् (yuktam) - endowed with (joined; endowed; engaged)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said; he spoke

• हरिवाहनः (harivāhanaḥ) - Indra (Hari-vahana (Indra); he whose vehicle is green)

• मतन्ग (matanga) - O Matanga

• तप्यसे (tapyase) - you perform austerity; you suffer penance

• किम् (kim) - why? (what?; why?)

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• भोगान् (bhogān) - worldly pleasures (enjoyments; worldly pleasures; experiences)

• उत्सृज्य (utsṛjya) - having abandoned; having given up

• मानुषान् (mānuṣān) - human; related to humans

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him; to him (masculine)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that; he; she; it

Note: Refers to Matanga

तथा (tathā) - thus; in that manner; so

(indeclinable)

Note: Modifies 'yuktam'

तपसा (tapasā) - by austerity; with penance

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - heat; austerity; penance; religious merit

युक्तम् (yuktam) - endowed with (joined; endowed; engaged)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yukta

yukta - joined; connected; endowed; engaged; fit

Past Passive Participle

from root yuj (to join)

Root: yuj (class 7)

उवाच (uvāca) - he said; he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect tense

from root vac (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

हरिवाहनः (harivāhanaḥ) - Indra (Hari-vahana (Indra); he whose vehicle is green)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of harivāhana

harivāhana - having green horses (epithet of Indra); Indra

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (hari+vāhana)

• hari – green; yellow; bay-colored horse
  noun (masculine)
• vāhana – vehicle; mount
  noun (neuter)
  from root vah (to carry)
  Root: vah (class 1)

मतन्ग (matanga) - O Matanga

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of matanga

matanga - Matanga (name of a sage); an elephant

तप्यसे (tapyase) - you perform austerity; you suffer penance

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of tap

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Atmanepada form

किम् (kim) - why? (what?; why?)

(indeclinable)

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

भोगान् (bhogān) - worldly pleasures (enjoyments; worldly pleasures; experiences)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of bhoga

bhoga - enjoyment; pleasure; experience; possession

from root bhuj (to enjoy)

Root: bhuj (class 7)

उत्सृज्य (utsṛjya) - having abandoned; having given up

(indeclinable)

Absolutive / Gerund

from root sṛj (to abandon) with upasarga ut

Prefix: ut

Root: sṛj (class 6)

मानुषान् (mānuṣān) - human; related to humans

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of mānuṣa

mānuṣa - human; pertaining to man; a man

from manu (man)

Note: agreement with 'bhogān'