महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-28, verse-21

एवमुक्त्वा स पितरं प्रतस्थे कृतनिश्चयः ।
ततो गत्वा महारण्यमतप्यत महत्तपः ॥२१॥

21. evamuktvā sa pitaraṁ pratasthe kṛtaniścayaḥ ,
tato gatvā mahāraṇyamatapyata mahattapaḥ.

21. evam uktvā saḥ pitaram pratasthe kṛtaniścayaḥ
tataḥ gatvā mahāraṇyam atapyata mahat tapaḥ

21. saḥ kṛtaniścayaḥ evam pitaram uktvā pratasthe
tataḥ mahāraṇyam gatvā mahat tapaḥ atapyata

21. Having thus spoken to his father, he, with firm resolve, departed. Then, having gone to a great forest, he performed great austerity (tapas).

Words meanings summery:

• एवम् (evam) - thus; in this manner; so

• उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having said; having spoken

• सः (saḥ) - he; that (masculine)

• पितरम् (pitaram) - father (accusative)

• प्रतस्थे (pratasthe) - he set out; he departed

• कृतनिश्चयः (kṛtaniścayaḥ) - with firm resolve (having made a firm decision; determined)

• ततः (tataḥ) - then; thereupon; from there

• गत्वा (gatvā) - having gone

• महारण्यम् (mahāraṇyam) - to a great forest

• अतप्यत (atapyata) - he performed austerity; he practised penance

• महत् (mahat) - great; large; important

• तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity; penance

Words meanings and morphology

एवम् (evam) - thus; in this manner; so

(indeclinable)

उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having said; having spoken

(indeclinable)

Absolutive / Gerund

from root vac (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

सः (saḥ) - he; that (masculine)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that; he; she; it

पितरम् (pitaram) - father (accusative)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father; ancestor

प्रतस्थे (pratasthe) - he set out; he departed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, perfect (lit) of pra-sthā

Perfect tense

from root sthā (to stand) with upasarga pra

Prefix: pra

Root: sthā (class 1)

कृतनिश्चयः (kṛtaniścayaḥ) - with firm resolve (having made a firm decision; determined)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛtaniścaya

kṛtaniścaya - one whose resolve is made; determined

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (kṛta+niścaya)

• kṛta – done; made; performed
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  from root kṛ (to do)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• niścaya – determination; resolve; certainty
  noun (masculine)
  from ni-ci (to ascertain)
  Prefix: ni
  Root: ci (class 5)

Note: agreement with 'saḥ'

ततः (tataḥ) - then; thereupon; from there

(indeclinable)

गत्वा (gatvā) - having gone

(indeclinable)

Absolutive / Gerund

from root gam (to go)

Root: gam (class 1)

महारण्यम् (mahāraṇyam) - to a great forest

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mahāraṇya

mahāraṇya - a great forest

Compound type : Karmadhāraya (mahat+araṇya)

• mahat – great; large
  adjective (neuter)
• araṇya – forest; wilderness
  noun (neuter)

अतप्यत (atapyata) - he performed austerity; he practised penance

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of tap

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Atmanepada form

महत् (mahat) - great; large; important

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great; large; eminent

Note: agreement with tapaḥ

तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity; penance

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - heat; austerity; penance; religious merit