महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-28, verse-13

एतच्छ्रुत्वा मतङ्गस्तु दारुणं रासभीवचः ।
अवतीर्य रथात्तूर्णं रासभीं प्रत्यभाषत ॥१३॥

13. etacchrutvā mataṅgastu dāruṇaṁ rāsabhīvacaḥ ,
avatīrya rathāttūrṇaṁ rāsabhīṁ pratyabhāṣata.

13. etat śrutvā matangaḥ tu dāruṇam rāsabhīvacaḥ
avatīrya rathāt tūrṇam rāsabhīm pratyabhāṣata

13. Upon hearing these harsh words from the she-donkey, Matanga quickly descended from his chariot and spoke to her in reply.

Words meanings summery:

• एतत् (etat) - these words (this)

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• मतन्गः (matangaḥ) - Matanga

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• दारुणम् (dāruṇam) - harsh, terrible, severe

• रासभीवचः (rāsabhīvacaḥ) - words of the she-donkey

• अवतीर्य (avatīrya) - having descended, having gotten down

• रथात् (rathāt) - from the chariot

• तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - quickly, swiftly

• रासभीम् (rāsabhīm) - to the she-donkey

• प्रत्यभाषत (pratyabhāṣata) - he spoke in reply, he answered

Words meanings and morphology

एतत् (etat) - these words (this)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

absolutive/gerund

Derived from root śru (to hear) with suffix -tvā

Root: śru (class 5)

मतन्गः (matangaḥ) - Matanga

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of matanga

matanga - Matanga (name of a sage)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

दारुणम् (dāruṇam) - harsh, terrible, severe

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dāruṇa

dāruṇa - harsh, terrible, severe, cruel

Note: Agrees with 'rāsabhīvacaḥ'

रासभीवचः (rāsabhīvacaḥ) - words of the she-donkey

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of rāsabhīvacaḥ

rāsabhīvacaḥ - words of the she-donkey

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (rāsabhī+vacas)

• rāsabhī – she-donkey
  noun (feminine)
• vacas – word, speech, utterance
  noun (neuter)

अवतीर्य (avatīrya) - having descended, having gotten down

(indeclinable)

absolutive/gerund

Derived from root tṛ (to cross, to pass over) with prefix ava and suffix -ya

Prefix: ava

Root: tṛ (class 1)

रथात् (rathāt) - from the chariot

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - quickly, swiftly

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial usage

रासभीम् (rāsabhīm) - to the she-donkey

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of rāsabhī

rāsabhī - she-donkey

प्रत्यभाषत (pratyabhāṣata) - he spoke in reply, he answered

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, imperfect (luṅ) of pratibhāṣ

Prefix: prati

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)

Note: Aorist in some traditions, here likely imperfect (laṅ)