महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-118, verse-5

निरता येन भावेन तत्र मे शृणु कारणम् ।
सम्यक्चायमनुप्रश्नस्त्वयोक्तश्च युधिष्ठिर ॥५॥

5. niratā yena bhāvena tatra me śṛṇu kāraṇam ,
samyakcāyamanupraśnastvayoktaśca yudhiṣṭhira.

5. niratāḥ yena bhāvena tatra me śṛṇu kāraṇam samyak
ca ayam anupraśnaḥ tvayā uktaḥ ca yudhiṣṭhira

5. yena bhāvena niratāḥ [santi],
tatra kāraṇam me śṛṇu.
ca yudhiṣṭhira ayam anupraśnaḥ tvayā samyak uktaḥ ca.

5. Listen from me the reason for that, according to which disposition beings are engaged. And this question, O Yudhiṣṭhira, has been rightly posed by you.

Words meanings summery:

• निरताः (niratāḥ) - engaged (referring to living beings) (engaged, devoted, absorbed, attached)

• येन (yena) - by which (disposition) (by which, by whom, wherefore)

• भावेन (bhāvena) - by disposition (by state, by nature, by disposition, by feeling)

• तत्र (tatra) - for that (state/matter) (there, then, in that matter)

• मे (me) - from me (to me, from me, by me)

• शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen (listen, hear)

• कारणम् (kāraṇam) - the reason (reason, cause, instrument)

• सम्यक् (samyak) - correctly (properly, correctly, completely, entirely)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• अयम् (ayam) - this (this (masculine nominative singular))

• अनुप्रश्नः (anupraśnaḥ) - question (question, inquiry, subsequent question)

• त्वया (tvayā) - by you

• उक्तः (uktaḥ) - stated (said, spoken, stated)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - O Yudhishthira (O Yudhishthira (proper name))

Words meanings and morphology

निरताः (niratāḥ) - engaged (referring to living beings) (engaged, devoted, absorbed, attached)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nirata

nirata - engaged in, devoted to, attached to, delighted in

Past Passive Participle

From `nir` + root `ram` (to delight) + `kta` suffix.

Prefix: nir

Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Predicate adjective with implied `santi`.

येन (yena) - by which (disposition) (by which, by whom, wherefore)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who, that

Instrumental singular masculine/neuter of `yad`.

Note: Agrees with `bhāvena`.

भावेन (bhāvena) - by disposition (by state, by nature, by disposition, by feeling)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bhāva

bhāva - state of being, nature, disposition, intention, feeling, existence

From root `bhū` (to be, to become) + `a` suffix.

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Defines the manner of engagement.

तत्र (tatra) - for that (state/matter) (there, then, in that matter)

(indeclinable)

From pronoun `tad` + suffix `tra`.

मे (me) - from me (to me, from me, by me)

(pronoun)

Ablative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me, my

Dative/genitive enclitic form of `asmad`. Here functionally ablative.

Note: Source of information for `śṛṇu`.

शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen (listen, hear)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of śru

Imperative active

From root `śru`, 5th class verb.

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Command, addressed to Yudhiṣṭhira.

कारणम् (kāraṇam) - the reason (reason, cause, instrument)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kāraṇa

kāraṇa - cause, reason, instrument, motive

From root `kṛ` (to do) + `ana` suffix.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Object of `śṛṇu`.

सम्यक् (samyak) - correctly (properly, correctly, completely, entirely)

(indeclinable)

From `sam` + root `añc` (to bend, go).

Root: añc (class 1)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

Note: Connects the two parts of the verse.

अयम् (ayam) - this (this (masculine nominative singular))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, here

Nominative singular masculine of `idam`.

Note: Subject of the second clause.

अनुप्रश्नः (anupraśnaḥ) - question (question, inquiry, subsequent question)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anupraśna

anupraśna - question, inquiry, subsequent question

Compound of `anu` + `pra` + `praśna` (from `prach` to ask).

Compound type : prādi-samāsa (anu+praśna)

• anu – after, along, following
  indeclinable
  Preposition/prefix.
• praśna – question, query
  noun (masculine)
  From `pra` + root `prach` + `na` suffix.
  Prefix: pra
  Root: prach (class 6)

Note: Subject of the second clause.

त्वया (tvayā) - by you

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (singular)

Instrumental singular of `yuṣmad`.

उक्तः (uktaḥ) - stated (said, spoken, stated)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ukta

ukta - said, spoken, told, declared

Past Passive Participle

From root `vac` (to speak), irregular past participle.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Used as predicate with implied `asti`.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

Note: Emphatic or conjunctive.

युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - O Yudhishthira (O Yudhishthira (proper name))

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhishthira (name of a Pandava brother); steady in battle

Compound of `yudhi` (in battle) + `sthira` (steady).

Compound type : aluk-ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle, in war
  noun (feminine)
  Locative singular of `yudh` (battle).
  Root: yudh (class 4)
• sthira – firm, steady, stable
  adjective (masculine)
  From root `sthā` (to stand).
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Address to Yudhishthira.