महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-118, verse-1

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
अकामाश्च सकामाश्च हता येऽस्मिन्महाहवे ।
कां योनिं प्रतिपन्नास्ते तन्मे ब्रूहि पितामह ॥१॥

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
akāmāśca sakāmāśca hatā ye'sminmahāhave ,
kāṁ yoniṁ pratipannāste tanme brūhi pitāmaha.

1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca akāmāḥ ca sakāmāḥ ca hatāḥ ye asmin
mahāhave kām yonim pratipannāḥ te tat me brūhi pitāmaha

1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca pitāmaha me tat brūhi asmin mahāhave
ye akāmāḥ ca sakāmāḥ ca hatāḥ te kām yonim pratipannāḥ

1. Yudhiṣṭhira said: "O Grandfather, tell me: those who were killed in this great war, both those without personal desire and those driven by desire, which realm of existence (yoni) have they attained?"

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - The eldest of the Pāṇḍava brothers, known for his righteousness. (Yudhiṣṭhira)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• अकामाः (akāmāḥ) - those without desire, selfless

• च (ca) - and

• सकामाः (sakāmāḥ) - those with desire, desirous

• च (ca) - and

• हताः (hatāḥ) - killed, slain

• ये (ye) - who, which (plural)

• अस्मिन् (asmin) - in this

• महाहवे (mahāhave) - Refers to the Mahābhārata war. (in the great war)

• काम् (kām) - which

• योनिम् (yonim) - birth, realm of existence

• प्रतिपन्नाः (pratipannāḥ) - attained, reached

• ते (te) - they, those

• तत् (tat) - that

• मे (me) - to me

• ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell, speak

• पितामह (pitāmaha) - Addressed to Bhishma, the great-uncle of Yudhiṣṭhira. (O Grandfather)

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - The eldest of the Pāṇḍava brothers, known for his righteousness. (Yudhiṣṭhira)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - firm in battle, Yudhiṣṭhira (name)

Derived from 'yudhi' (in battle) + 'sthira' (firm).

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Root 'vac', perfect tense form.

Root: vac (class 2)

अकामाः (akāmāḥ) - those without desire, selfless

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of akāma

akāma - without desire, free from desire, selfless, unintentional

Derived from 'a-' (negation) and 'kāma' (desire).

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

सकामाः (sakāmāḥ) - those with desire, desirous

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sakāma

sakāma - with desire, desirous, intentional

Derived from 'sa-' (with) and 'kāma' (desire).

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

हताः (hatāḥ) - killed, slain

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of hata

hata - killed, slain, struck, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root han- 'to strike, kill'.

Root: han (class 2)

ये (ye) - who, which (plural)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which, what

अस्मिन् (asmin) - in this

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this here

महाहवे (mahāhave) - Refers to the Mahābhārata war. (in the great war)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of mahāhava

mahāhava - great war, great battle

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+hava)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
• hava – battle, war, contest
  noun (masculine)
  Root: hū (class 1)

काम् (kām) - which

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

योनिम् (yonim) - birth, realm of existence

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of yoni

yoni - womb, origin, source, place of birth, realm of existence, species

प्रतिपन्नाः (pratipannāḥ) - attained, reached

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pratipanna

pratipanna - obtained, reached, attained, fallen into

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root pad- 'to go, move' with the prefix prati- 'towards, in return'.

Prefix: prati

Root: pad (class 4)

ते (te) - they, those

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it, they

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

मे (me) - to me

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of mad

mad - I, me

Note: Enclitic form for Dative or Genitive.

ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell, speak

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of brū

Root 'brū', imperative mood, active voice.

Root: brū (class 2)

पितामह (pitāmaha) - Addressed to Bhishma, the great-uncle of Yudhiṣṭhira. (O Grandfather)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pitāmaha

pitāmaha - grandfather, great-father, Brahman

Derived from pitā (father) + maha (great).