महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-118, verse-12

सोढुमस्मद्विधेनैष न शक्यः कीटयोनिना ।
तस्मादपक्रमाम्येष भयादस्मात्सुदारुणात् ॥१२॥

12. soḍhumasmadvidhenaiṣa na śakyaḥ kīṭayoninā ,
tasmādapakramāmyeṣa bhayādasmātsudāruṇāt.

12. soḍhum asmadvidhena eṣaḥ na śakyaḥ kīṭayoninā
tasmāt apakrāmāmi eṣaḥ bhayāt asmāt sudāruṇāt

12. eṣaḥ asmadvidhena kīṭayoninā na soḍhum śakyaḥ
tasmāt eṣaḥ asmāt sudāruṇāt bhayāt apakrāmāmi

12. This (sound) cannot be borne by one like me, who is of insect origin. Therefore, I am retreating from this extremely terrible fear.

Words meanings summery:

• सोढुम् (soḍhum) - to endure (to bear, to endure, to suffer)

• अस्मद्विधेन (asmadvidhena) - by one like me (by one like me, by my kind)

• एषः (eṣaḥ) - this (sound/cart) (this, this one)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• शक्यः (śakyaḥ) - cannot be (endured), not possible (capable, possible, able (to be done))

• कीटयोनिना (kīṭayoninā) - by an insect (being), by one of insect origin (by one whose origin is an insect, by an insect)

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore (therefore, from that)

• अपक्रामामि (apakrāmāmi) - I am retreating (I retreat, I go away)

• एषः (eṣaḥ) - I (the insect) (this, this one (I))

• भयात् (bhayāt) - from fear

• अस्मात् (asmāt) - from this (fear) (from this)

• सुदारुणात् (sudāruṇāt) - from the extremely terrible (fear) (from the very terrible, from the exceedingly dreadful)

Words meanings and morphology

सोढुम् (soḍhum) - to endure (to bear, to endure, to suffer)

(indeclinable)

infinitive

Root sah (to endure), infinitive form.

Root: sah (class 1)

अस्मद्विधेन (asmadvidhena) - by one like me (by one like me, by my kind)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of asmadvidha

asmadvidha - like me, of my kind, such as I am

Compound of asmad (I) and vidha (kind).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (asmad+vidha)

• asmad – I, we
  pronoun
• vidha – kind, sort, manner
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhā

Note: Agent of the passive śakyaḥ.

एषः (eṣaḥ) - this (sound/cart) (this, this one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, this one, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the sound or the cart mentioned in the previous verse.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

शक्यः (śakyaḥ) - cannot be (endured), not possible (capable, possible, able (to be done))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śakya

śakya - capable, possible, feasible; able to be done/borne

gerundive/potential passive participle

Root śak (to be able), formed with suffix -ya.

Root: śak (class 5)

Note: Predicate adjective.

कीटयोनिना (kīṭayoninā) - by an insect (being), by one of insect origin (by one whose origin is an insect, by an insect)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kīṭayoni

kīṭayoni - insect-born, of insect origin, a species of insect

Compound of kīṭa (insect) and yoni (origin/species).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kīṭa+yoni)

• kīṭa – insect, worm, bug
  noun (masculine)
• yoni – womb, origin, source, species, birth
  noun (feminine)

Note: Further specifies the agent.

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore (therefore, from that)

(pronoun)

Ablative, singular of tad

tad - that, that one, he, she, it

Note: Functions as an adverb 'therefore'.

अपक्रामामि (apakrāmāmi) - I am retreating (I retreat, I go away)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of apā-kram

present active indicative

Root kram, with prefix apā-, present indicative, parasmaipada.

Prefix: apā

Root: kram (class 1)

एषः (eṣaḥ) - I (the insect) (this, this one (I))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, this one, he, she, it

Note: Subject of apakrāmāmi.

भयात् (bhayāt) - from fear

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of bhaya

bhaya - fear, dread, apprehension

Root: bhī

Note: Source of retreat.

अस्मात् (asmāt) - from this (fear) (from this)

(pronoun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Agrees with bhayāt.

सुदारुणात् (sudāruṇāt) - from the extremely terrible (fear) (from the very terrible, from the exceedingly dreadful)

(adjective)

Ablative, neuter, singular of sudāruṇa

sudāruṇa - very terrible, exceedingly dreadful, extremely cruel

Compound of su (very) and dāruṇa (terrible).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+dāruṇa)

• su – good, well, very
  indeclinable
• dāruṇa – dreadful, terrible, fearful
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Adjective modifying bhayāt.