महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-118, verse-10

कीट उवाच ।
शकटस्यास्य महतो घोषं श्रुत्वा भयं मम ।
आगतं वै महाबुद्धे स्वन एष हि दारुणः ।
श्रूयते न स मां हन्यादिति तस्मादपाक्रमे ॥१०॥

10. kīṭa uvāca ,
śakaṭasyāsya mahato ghoṣaṁ śrutvā bhayaṁ mama ,
āgataṁ vai mahābuddhe svana eṣa hi dāruṇaḥ ,
śrūyate na sa māṁ hanyāditi tasmādapākrame.

10. kīṭaḥ uvāca śakaṭasya asya mahataḥ
ghoṣam śrutvā bhayam mama āgatam vai
mahābuddhe svanaḥ eṣaḥ hi dāruṇaḥ śrūyate
na saḥ mām hanyāt iti tasmāt apākrame

10. kīṭaḥ uvāca mahābuddhe asya mahataḥ
śakaṭasya ghoṣam śrutvā mama bhayam vai
āgatam eṣaḥ svanaḥ hi dāruṇaḥ saḥ
mām na hanyāt iti śrūyate tasmāt apākrame

10. The insect said, 'Having heard the great sound of this cart, fear has certainly come upon me, O wise one. This noise is indeed terrible. It is heard, lest it kill me. Therefore, I must retreat.'

Words meanings summery:

• कीटः (kīṭaḥ) - The insect (speaker of the verse) (insect, worm, bug)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• शकटस्य (śakaṭasya) - of the cart (of the cart, of the wagon)

• अस्य (asya) - of this (cart) (of this, his, her, its)

• महतः (mahataḥ) - great (cart) (great, large, mighty)

• घोषम् (ghoṣam) - sound, noise (of the cart) (sound, noise, cry)

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• भयम् (bhayam) - fear (fear, dread)

• मम (mama) - my (my, of me)

• आगतम् (āgatam) - has come (upon me) (come, arrived, happened)

• वै (vai) - indeed, certainly (indeed, certainly, truly)

• महाबुद्धे (mahābuddhe) - O wise one (vocative) (O great intellect, O wise one)

• स्वनः (svanaḥ) - this sound/noise (sound, noise, cry)

• एषः (eṣaḥ) - this (sound) (this, this one)

• हि (hi) - indeed, truly (indeed, for, because, certainly)

• दारुणः (dāruṇaḥ) - terrible (terrible, dreadful, fierce)

• श्रूयते (śrūyate) - it is heard (is heard, is listened to)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• सः (saḥ) - it (the sound/cart) (he, that (one))

• माम् (mām) - me

• हन्यात् (hanyāt) - lest it kill (may kill, should kill)

• इति (iti) - (indicating purpose/reason) so that, thinking thus (thus, so, in this way)

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore (therefore, from that)

• अपाक्रमे (apākrame) - I must retreat (I should retreat, I should go away)

Words meanings and morphology

कीटः (kīṭaḥ) - The insect (speaker of the verse) (insect, worm, bug)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kīṭa

kīṭa - insect, worm, bug, vermin

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

perfect active indicative

Root vac, irregular perfect form

Root: vac (class 2)

शकटस्य (śakaṭasya) - of the cart (of the cart, of the wagon)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of śakaṭa

śakaṭa - cart, wagon, vehicle

अस्य (asya) - of this (cart) (of this, his, her, its)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Refers to śakaṭa.

महतः (mahataḥ) - great (cart) (great, large, mighty)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, immense, important

Note: Agrees with śakaṭasya.

घोषम् (ghoṣam) - sound, noise (of the cart) (sound, noise, cry)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ghoṣa

ghoṣa - sound, noise, roar, cry

Root: ghuṣ (class 1)

Note: Object of śrutvā.

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Formed with suffix -tvā.

Root: śru (class 5)

भयम् (bhayam) - fear (fear, dread)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bhaya

bhaya - fear, dread, apprehension

Root: bhī

Note: Subject of āgatam.

मम (mama) - my (my, of me)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Possessive.

आगतम् (āgatam) - has come (upon me) (come, arrived, happened)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ā-gam

gam - to go, move

past passive participle

Formed with prefix ā- and suffix -ta.

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with bhayam.

वै (vai) - indeed, certainly (indeed, certainly, truly)

(indeclinable)

महाबुद्धे (mahābuddhe) - O wise one (vocative) (O great intellect, O wise one)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahābuddhi

mahābuddhi - great intellect, great wisdom, very intelligent

Compound of mahā (great) and buddhi (intellect).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+buddhi)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• buddhi – intellect, understanding, wisdom, mind
  noun (feminine)
  Root: budh

Note: Addressed to the listener.

स्वनः (svanaḥ) - this sound/noise (sound, noise, cry)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of svana

svana - sound, noise, roar

Root: svan (class 1)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

एषः (eṣaḥ) - this (sound) (this, this one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, this one, he, she, it

Note: Agrees with svanaḥ.

हि (hi) - indeed, truly (indeed, for, because, certainly)

(indeclinable)

दारुणः (dāruṇaḥ) - terrible (terrible, dreadful, fierce)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dāruṇa

dāruṇa - dreadful, terrible, fearful, formidable, cruel, harsh

Note: Predicate adjective for svanaḥ.

श्रूयते (śrūyate) - it is heard (is heard, is listened to)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of śru

present passive indicative

Root śru, passive form, ātmanepada.

Root: śru (class 5)

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

सः (saḥ) - it (the sound/cart) (he, that (one))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, that one, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the cause of the terrible sound, likely the cart or the sound itself.

माम् (mām) - me

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Object of hanyāt.

हन्यात् (hanyāt) - lest it kill (may kill, should kill)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of han

optative active

Root han, optative, parasmaipada.

Root: han (class 2)

इति (iti) - (indicating purpose/reason) so that, thinking thus (thus, so, in this way)

(indeclinable)

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore (therefore, from that)

(pronoun)

Ablative, singular of tad

tad - that, that one, he, she, it

Note: Functions as an adverb 'therefore'.

अपाक्रमे (apākrame) - I must retreat (I should retreat, I should go away)

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, optative (liṅ) of apā-kram

optative middle/ātmanepada

Root kram, with prefix apā-, optative, ātmanepada.

Prefix: apā

Root: kram (class 1)

Note: Expresses resolve or necessity.