महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-118, verse-23

धनं धान्यं प्रियान्दारान्यानं वासस्तथाद्भुतम् ।
श्रियं दृष्ट्वा मनुष्याणामसूयामि निरर्थकम् ॥२३॥

23. dhanaṁ dhānyaṁ priyāndārānyānaṁ vāsastathādbhutam ,
śriyaṁ dṛṣṭvā manuṣyāṇāmasūyāmi nirarthakam.

23. dhanam dhānyam priyān dārān yānam vāsaḥ tathā
adbhutam śriyam dṛṣṭvā manuṣyāṇām asūyāmi nirarthakam

23. manuṣyāṇām dhanam dhānyam priyān dārān yānam vāsaḥ
tathā adbhutam śriyam dṛṣṭvā aham nirarthakam asūyāmi

23. Seeing the wealth, grain, beloved wives, vehicles, clothing, and other wonderful prosperity of people, I fruitlessly envy them.

Words meanings summery:

• धनम् (dhanam) - wealth, riches, property

• धान्यम् (dhānyam) - grain, corn, cereal

• प्रियान् (priyān) - beloved, dear, pleasing

• दारान् (dārān) - wives

• यानम् (yānam) - vehicle, carriage, going

• वासः (vāsaḥ) - clothing, garment, dwelling

• तथा (tathā) - and, also, thus, so

• अद्भुतम् (adbhutam) - wonderful, marvelous, amazing thing

• श्रियम् (śriyam) - prosperity, glory, beauty, wealth

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, seeing

• मनुष्याणाम् (manuṣyāṇām) - of men, of people, human

• असूयामि (asūyāmi) - I envy, I am jealous of, I bear ill-will

• निरर्थकम् (nirarthakam) - fruitlessly, uselessly, in vain

Words meanings and morphology

धनम् (dhanam) - wealth, riches, property

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dhana

dhana - wealth, riches, property, money

From root 'dhā' (to place, to hold).

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Object of dṛṣṭvā (implied).

धान्यम् (dhānyam) - grain, corn, cereal

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dhānya

dhānya - grain, corn, cereal

From 'dhāna' (producing, yielding) or 'dhā' (to produce).

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Object of dṛṣṭvā (implied).

प्रियान् (priyān) - beloved, dear, pleasing

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of priya

priya - beloved, dear, pleasing, one's own

From root 'prī' (to love, to please).

Root: prī (class 9)

Note: Agrees with dārān.

दारान् (dārān) - wives

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of dāra

dāra - wife

Always used in plural to denote a wife.

Note: Object of dṛṣṭvā (implied).

यानम् (yānam) - vehicle, carriage, going

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of yāna

yāna - vehicle, carriage, going, journey

From root 'yā' (to go) with suffix -ana.

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Object of dṛṣṭvā (implied).

वासः (vāsaḥ) - clothing, garment, dwelling

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vāsa

vāsa - clothing, garment, dwelling, abode

From root 'vas' (to dwell, to wear).

Root: vas (class 2)

Note: Used here as accusative plural, implied.

तथा (tathā) - and, also, thus, so

(indeclinable)

Adverbial particle indicating similarity or addition.

Note: Connects 'vāsaḥ' with 'adbhutam'.

अद्भुतम् (adbhutam) - wonderful, marvelous, amazing thing

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of adbhuta

adbhuta - wonderful, marvelous, amazing, a wonder, miracle

From prefix 'ad' (to) and root 'bhū' (to be, to become), implying 'what is to be wondered at'.

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Functions as a noun meaning 'a wonderful thing' or an adjective modifying implied 'śriyam'.

श्रियम् (śriyam) - prosperity, glory, beauty, wealth

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of śrī

śrī - prosperity, glory, beauty, wealth, fortune

From root 'śrī' (to go, to shine).

Root: śrī (class 4)

Note: Object of dṛṣṭvā.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, seeing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Formed from root 'dṛś' (to see) with suffix -tvā.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

मनुष्याणाम् (manuṣyāṇām) - of men, of people, human

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of manuṣya

manuṣya - man, human being, person

Derived from 'manu' (man, human).

Note: Possessive, 'of people'.

असूयामि (asūyāmi) - I envy, I am jealous of, I bear ill-will

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of asūyā

Present Active Indicative

From root 'asūy' (to envy).

Root: asūy (class 10)

Note: First person singular.

निरर्थकम् (nirarthakam) - fruitlessly, uselessly, in vain

(indeclinable)

Compound: nir (without) + arthaka (purpose, meaning).

Compound type : avyayībhāva (nis+arthaka)

• nis – without, out, away
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating negation or absence.
• arthaka – purpose, meaning, wealth
  noun (masculine)
  From 'artha' (purpose, meaning).

Note: Adverbial usage.