महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-118, verse-24

ईर्ष्युः परसुखं दृष्ट्वा आतताय्यबुभूषकः ।
त्रिवर्गहन्ता चान्येषामात्मकामानुवर्तकः ॥२४॥

24. īrṣyuḥ parasukhaṁ dṛṣṭvā ātatāyyabubhūṣakaḥ ,
trivargahantā cānyeṣāmātmakāmānuvartakaḥ.

24. īrṣyuḥ parasukham dṛṣṭvā ātatāyī abubhūṣakaḥ
trivargahantā ca anyeṣām ātmakāmānuvartakaḥ

24. īrṣyuḥ parasukham dṛṣṭvā ātatāyī abubhūṣakaḥ
ca anyeṣām trivargahantā ātmakāmānuvartakaḥ

24. An envious person, upon seeing the happiness of others, becomes an aggressor and one who wishes for ruin, a destroyer of others' 'three aims of life' (trivarga), and one who exclusively pursues his own desires.

Words meanings summery:

• ईर्ष्युः (īrṣyuḥ) - envious, jealous

• परसुखम् (parasukham) - happiness of others, another's joy

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, seeing

• आततायी (ātatāyī) - aggressor, assailant, villain, murderer

• अबुभूषकः (abubhūṣakaḥ) - one who desires non-existence, one who wishes for ruin

• त्रिवर्गहन्ता (trivargahantā) - destroyer of the three aims of life (dharma, artha, kāma)

• च (ca) - and, also

• अन्येषाम् (anyeṣām) - of others

• आत्मकामानुवर्तकः (ātmakāmānuvartakaḥ) - one who follows one's own desires, self-serving

Words meanings and morphology

ईर्ष्युः (īrṣyuḥ) - envious, jealous

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of īrṣyu

īrṣyu - envious, jealous, a jealous person

From root 'īrṣy' (to envy).

Root: īrṣy (class 10)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

परसुखम् (parasukham) - happiness of others, another's joy

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of parasukhā

parasukhā - happiness of others, another's joy

Tatpuruṣa compound: para (other) + sukha (happiness).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (para+sukha)

• para – other, another, supreme
  pronoun (masculine)
• sukha – happiness, joy, comfort
  noun (neuter)
  From 'su' (good) + 'kha' (space, aperture, senses), implying good state of senses.

Note: Object of dṛṣṭvā.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, seeing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Formed from root 'dṛś' (to see) with suffix -tvā.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

आततायी (ātatāyī) - aggressor, assailant, villain, murderer

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ātatāyin

ātatāyin - aggressor, assailant, villain, murderer

From 'ātata' (stretched, ready, referring to a drawn bow) + 'āyin' (going, attacking).

Prefix: ā

Root: tan (class 8)

Note: Part of the description of the envious person.

अबुभूषकः (abubhūṣakaḥ) - one who desires non-existence, one who wishes for ruin

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of abubhūṣaka

abubhūṣaka - one who desires non-existence, not wishing to be, wishing for ruin

Desiderative agent noun with negative prefix

Nañ-Tatpuruṣa compound: 'a' (not) + 'bubhūṣaka' (one who desires to be).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+bubhūṣaka)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• bubhūṣaka – one who desires to be, wishing to become
  adjective (masculine)
  Desiderative agent noun
  From desiderative stem of root 'bhū' (to be, to become) with suffix -aka.
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Part of the description of the envious person.

त्रिवर्गहन्ता (trivargahantā) - destroyer of the three aims of life (dharma, artha, kāma)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of trivargahantṛ

trivargahantṛ - destroyer of the three aims of life

Agent noun

Tatpuruṣa compound: trivarga (three aims of life) + hantṛ (destroyer).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (trivarga+hantṛ)

• trivarga – the group of three (dharma, artha, kāma)
  noun (masculine)
  Dvigu compound: tri (three) + varga (group).
• hantṛ – destroyer, killer
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun
  From root 'han' (to strike, to kill) with suffix -tṛ.
  Root: han (class 2)

Note: Part of the description of the envious person.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

Note: Connects clauses/phrases.

अन्येषाम् (anyeṣām) - of others

(pronoun)

Genitive, plural of anya

anya - other, another

Pronominal adjective.

Note: Possessive, refers to 'trivargahantā' and 'ātmakāmānuvartakaḥ' in relation to others.

आत्मकामानुवर्तकः (ātmakāmānuvartakaḥ) - one who follows one's own desires, self-serving

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ātmakāmānuvartaka

ātmakāmānuvartaka - one who follows one's own desires, self-serving

Tatpuruṣa compound: ātmakāma (one's own desire) + anuvartaka (following).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ātmakāma+anuvartaka)

• ātmakāma – desirous of one's own self/desires
  adjective (masculine)
  Tatpuruṣa compound: ātman (self) + kāma (desire).
• anuvartaka – following, conforming to, pursuing
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun
  From root 'vṛt' (to turn, to exist) with prefix 'anu' and suffix -aka.
  Prefix: anu
  Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Part of the description of the envious person.