महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-118, verse-13

दुःखं हि मृत्युर्भूतानां जीवितं च सुदुर्लभम् ।
अतो भीतः पलायामि गच्छेयं नासुखं सुखात् ॥१३॥

13. duḥkhaṁ hi mṛtyurbhūtānāṁ jīvitaṁ ca sudurlabham ,
ato bhītaḥ palāyāmi gaccheyaṁ nāsukhaṁ sukhāt.

13. duḥkham hi mṛtyuḥ bhūtānām jīvitam ca sudurlabham
ataḥ bhītaḥ palāyāmi gaccheyam na asukham sukhāt

13. hi mṛtyuḥ bhūtānām duḥkham ca jīvitam sudurlabham
ataḥ bhītaḥ palāyāmi sukhāt asukham na gaccheyam

13. Indeed, for living beings, death is suffering, and life is extremely rare. Therefore, being afraid, I flee. I would not go from a state of happiness to one of unhappiness.

Words meanings summery:

• दुःखम् (duḥkham) - suffering (suffering, pain, misery, sorrow)

• हि (hi) - indeed, for (indeed, for, because)

• मृत्युः (mṛtyuḥ) - death (death, demise)

• भूतानाम् (bhūtānām) - for living beings (of beings, of living creatures)

• जीवितम् (jīvitam) - life (life, living)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• सुदुर्लभम् (sudurlabham) - extremely rare, very difficult to obtain (very difficult to obtain, rare)

• अतः (ataḥ) - therefore (therefore, hence, from this)

• भीतः (bhītaḥ) - being afraid (afraid, terrified, frightened)

• पलायामि (palāyāmi) - I flee (I flee, I escape)

• गच्छेयम् (gaccheyam) - I would go, I wish to go (I would go, I should go)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• असुखम् (asukham) - to unhappiness (unhappiness, discomfort, sorrow)

• सुखात् (sukhāt) - from happiness, from comfort

Words meanings and morphology

दुःखम् (duḥkham) - suffering (suffering, pain, misery, sorrow)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - suffering, pain, misery, sorrow, discomfort, unhappiness

हि (hi) - indeed, for (indeed, for, because)

(indeclinable)

मृत्युः (mṛtyuḥ) - death (death, demise)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mṛtyu

mṛtyu - death, demise, mortality

From root mṛ (to die).

Root: mṛ

भूतानाम् (bhūtānām) - for living beings (of beings, of living creatures)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, plural of bhūta

bhūta - being, creature, element, past

past passive participle

Root bhū (to be, become), past passive participle, nominalized.

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Dative equivalent (for whom).

जीवितम् (jīvitam) - life (life, living)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of jīvita

jīvita - life, mode of life, livelihood

past passive participle (nominalized)

Root jīv (to live), past passive participle, nominalized.

Root: jīv (class 1)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

सुदुर्लभम् (sudurlabham) - extremely rare, very difficult to obtain (very difficult to obtain, rare)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sudurlabha

sudurlabha - very difficult to obtain, hard to get, extremely rare

Compound of su (very) and durlabha (difficult to obtain).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+durlabha)

• su – good, well, very
  indeclinable
• durlabha – difficult to obtain, rare, scarce
  adjective (neuter)
  gerundive/potential passive participle
  Compound of dur (bad, difficult) and labha (obtainable).
  Prefix: dur
  Root: labh

अतः (ataḥ) - therefore (therefore, hence, from this)

(indeclinable)

Ablative adverbial form of idam.

भीतः (bhītaḥ) - being afraid (afraid, terrified, frightened)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīta

bhīta - afraid, frightened, terrified, fearing

past passive participle

Root bhī (to fear), past passive participle.

Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Functions adverbially or as a predicate.

पलायामि (palāyāmi) - I flee (I flee, I escape)

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of palā-i

present active indicative

Root i (to go), with prefix palā-, present indicative, ātmanepada.

Prefix: palā

Root: i (class 2)

गच्छेयम् (gaccheyam) - I would go, I wish to go (I would go, I should go)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of gam

optative active

Root gam, optative, parasmaipada.

Root: gam (class 1)

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates asukham.

असुखम् (asukham) - to unhappiness (unhappiness, discomfort, sorrow)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of asukha

asukha - unhappiness, pain, sorrow, discomfort; not pleasant

Negative compound with a- and sukha.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+sukha)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
• sukha – happiness, joy, comfort, pleasure
  noun (neuter)

Note: Direction/goal.

सुखात् (sukhāt) - from happiness, from comfort

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of sukha

sukha - happiness, joy, comfort, pleasure