महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-82, verse-24

सर्व एव गुरुं भारमनड्वान्वहते समे ।
दुर्गे प्रतीकः सुगवो भारं वहति दुर्वहम् ॥२४॥

24. sarva eva guruṁ bhāramanaḍvānvahate same ,
durge pratīkaḥ sugavo bhāraṁ vahati durvaham.

24. sarvaḥ eva gurum bhāram anaḍvān vahate same
durge pratīkaḥ sugavaḥ bhāram vahati durvaham

24. anaḍvān sarvaḥ eva same gurum bhāram vahate
durge pratīkaḥ sugavaḥ durvaham bhāram vahati

24. Every ox (anaḍvān) carries a heavy burden on level ground. However, in difficult terrain, only a suitable and strong ox carries a difficult burden.

Words meanings summery:

• सर्वः (sarvaḥ) - every (all, every, whole)

• एव (eva) - indeed, emphasizing 'every' (indeed, only, just, merely)

• गुरुम् (gurum) - heavy (heavy, important, venerable)

• भारम् (bhāram) - burden (burden, load, weight)

• अनड्वान् (anaḍvān) - ox (anaḍvān) (ox, bull)

• वहते (vahate) - carries (carries, bears)

• समे (same) - on level ground (on even, on level)

• दुर्गे (durge) - in difficult terrain (in difficult, in inaccessible place, in a fort)

• प्रतीकः (pratīkaḥ) - suitable (ox) (suitable, agreeable, emblem, symbol)

• सुगवः (sugavaḥ) - a strong, well-trained ox (good ox, strong ox, well-trained ox)

• भारम् (bhāram) - burden (burden, load, weight)

• वहति (vahati) - carries (carries, bears)

• दुर्वहम् (durvaham) - difficult to carry (difficult to carry, unbearable)

Words meanings and morphology

सर्वः (sarvaḥ) - every (all, every, whole)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

एव (eva) - indeed, emphasizing 'every' (indeed, only, just, merely)

(indeclinable)

गुरुम् (gurum) - heavy (heavy, important, venerable)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of guru

guru - heavy, important, venerable, teacher

Note: Adjective modifying 'bhāram'.

भारम् (bhāram) - burden (burden, load, weight)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhāra

bhāra - burden, load, weight

Root: bhṛ (class 3)

अनड्वान् (anaḍvān) - ox (anaḍvān) (ox, bull)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anaḍvah

anaḍvah - ox, bull

वहते (vahate) - carries (carries, bears)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of vah

Present Middle, 3rd person singular

Root: vah (class 1)

समे (same) - on level ground (on even, on level)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of sama

sama - even, level, equal

Note: Acts adverbially here.

दुर्गे (durge) - in difficult terrain (in difficult, in inaccessible place, in a fort)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of durga

durga - difficult, inaccessible, fort

Compound type : tatpurusha (dur+ga)

• dur – difficult, bad
  indeclinable
• ga – going, moving
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root 'gam' (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Acts adverbially here, like 'same'.

प्रतीकः (pratīkaḥ) - suitable (ox) (suitable, agreeable, emblem, symbol)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pratīka

pratīka - suitable, agreeable, emblem, symbol

Prefix: prati

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Adjective modifying 'sugavaḥ'.

सुगवः (sugavaḥ) - a strong, well-trained ox (good ox, strong ox, well-trained ox)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sugava

sugava - good ox, strong ox

Compound type : tatpurusha (su+gava)

• su – good, well
  indeclinable
• gava – ox, cow
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from 'go' (ox/cow)

Note: The subject in the second part of the verse.

भारम् (bhāram) - burden (burden, load, weight)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhāra

bhāra - burden, load, weight

Root: bhṛ (class 3)

वहति (vahati) - carries (carries, bears)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of vah

Present Active, 3rd person singular

Root: vah (class 1)

Note: 'Vahati' instead of 'vahate' in the second clause, for variation, but same meaning.

दुर्वहम् (durvaham) - difficult to carry (difficult to carry, unbearable)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of durvaha

durvaha - difficult to carry, unbearable

Compound type : tatpurusha (dur+vaha)

• dur – difficult, bad
  indeclinable
• vaha – carrying, bearing
  noun (masculine)
  agent noun / verbal adjective
  Derived from root 'vah' (to carry)
  Root: vah (class 1)

Note: Adjective modifying 'bhāram'.