महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-82, verse-23

नामहापुरुषः कश्चिन्नानात्मा नासहायवान् ।
महतीं धुरमादत्ते तामुद्यम्योरसा वह ॥२३॥

23. nāmahāpuruṣaḥ kaścinnānātmā nāsahāyavān ,
mahatīṁ dhuramādatte tāmudyamyorasā vaha.

23. na amahāpuruṣaḥ kaścit na anātmā na asahāyavān
| mahatīm dhuram ādatte tām udyamya urasā vaha

23. kascit amahāpuruṣaḥ na,
anātmā na,
asahāyavān na mahatīm dhuram ādatte (saḥ) tām urasā udyamya vaha

23. Only a great person (mahāpuruṣa), who is self-controlled (ātman) and well-supported, undertakes a great burden. Having lifted it with his chest, he then carries it.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - Forms part of a double negative ('not a non-great person') (not, no)

• अमहापुरुषः (amahāpuruṣaḥ) - not a great person, an ignoble man

• कश्चित् (kaścit) - Used to mean 'no one' in combination with 'na' (anyone, someone)

• न (na) - Forms part of a double negative ('not uncontrolled') (not, no)

• अनात्मा (anātmā) - Lacking self-control or connection to inner self (ātman) (lacking self, uncontrolled, soulless)

• न (na) - Forms part of a double negative ('not helpless') (not, no)

• असहायवान् (asahāyavān) - helpless, without assistance, lacking support

• महतीम् (mahatīm) - A great or significant burden (great, large, vast, important)

• धुरम् (dhuram) - A heavy responsibility or task (yoke, burden, responsibility, office)

• आदत्ते (ādatte) - takes up, undertakes, accepts

• ताम् (tām) - Refers to 'dhuram' (the burden) (that, her, it)

• उद्यम्य (udyamya) - Having lifted the burden (having lifted, having raised)

• उरसा (urasā) - by the chest, with the breast

• वह (vaha) - Carry the burden (carry, bear, convey)

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - Forms part of a double negative ('not a non-great person') (not, no)

(indeclinable)

अमहापुरुषः (amahāpuruṣaḥ) - not a great person, an ignoble man

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of amahāpuruṣa

amahāpuruṣa - not a great man, an ignoble man

Compound type : nañ-bahuvrīhi (a+mahāpuruṣa)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• mahāpuruṣa – great man, noble person, an illustrious individual (often with spiritual significance, referencing a 'great puruṣa')
  noun (masculine)

कश्चित् (kaścit) - Used to mean 'no one' in combination with 'na' (anyone, someone)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kaścid

kaścid - someone, anyone, a certain person

न (na) - Forms part of a double negative ('not uncontrolled') (not, no)

(indeclinable)

अनात्मा (anātmā) - Lacking self-control or connection to inner self (ātman) (lacking self, uncontrolled, soulless)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anātman

anātman - not the Self, lacking soul, uncontrolled, devoid of spiritual understanding

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (an+ātman)

• an – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix (used before vowels)
• ātman – self, soul, individual soul, supreme self (Brahman), essence
  noun (masculine)

न (na) - Forms part of a double negative ('not helpless') (not, no)

(indeclinable)

असहायवान् (asahāyavān) - helpless, without assistance, lacking support

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of asahāyavat

asahāyavat - helpless, without a companion, without support

Compound type : nañ-bahuvrīhi (a+sahāya+vat)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• sahāya – companion, assistant, help, aid
  noun (masculine)
• vat – possessing, endowed with, like
  suffix
  Possessive suffix

महतीम् (mahatīm) - A great or significant burden (great, large, vast, important)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, mighty, important

Note: Modifies dhuram

धुरम् (dhuram) - A heavy responsibility or task (yoke, burden, responsibility, office)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of dhur

dhur - yoke, burden, load, responsibility, office, front part

आदत्ते (ādatte) - takes up, undertakes, accepts

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of ādā

From root dā (to give) with prefix ā

Prefix: ā

Root: dā (class 3)

ताम् (tām) - Refers to 'dhuram' (the burden) (that, her, it)

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, that one, it (demonstrative pronoun)

उद्यम्य (udyamya) - Having lifted the burden (having lifted, having raised)

(indeclinable)

Gerund/Absolutive

From root yam (to restrain, to lift) with prefix ud

Prefix: ud

Root: yam (class 1)

उरसा (urasā) - by the chest, with the breast

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of uras

uras - chest, breast, bosom, strength

वह (vaha) - Carry the burden (carry, bear, convey)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of vah

Root: vah (class 1)