महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-82, verse-20

वासुदेव उवाच ।
अनायसं मुने शस्त्रं मृदु विद्यामहं कथम् ।
येनैषामुद्धरे जिह्वां परिमृज्यानुमृज्य च ॥२०॥

20. vāsudeva uvāca ,
anāyasaṁ mune śastraṁ mṛdu vidyāmahaṁ katham ,
yenaiṣāmuddhare jihvāṁ parimṛjyānumṛjya ca.

20. vāsudeva uvāca | anāyasam mune śastram mṛdu vidyām aham
katham | yena eṣām uddhare jihvām parimṛjya anumṛjya ca

20. vāsudeva uvāca mune,
aham anāyasam mṛdu śastram katham vidyām yena eṣām jihvām parimṛjya ca anumṛjya ca uddhare

20. Vāsudeva said: "O sage, how can I learn of a gentle and effortless means (śastra) by which I may rectify and thoroughly purify their speech?"

Words meanings summery:

• वासुदेव (vāsudeva) - Vāsudeva, the speaker (Vasudeva (father of Krishna))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• अनायसम् (anāyasam) - effortless, easy, not difficult

• मुने (mune) - Addressing Nārada (O sage, O ascetic)

• शस्त्रम् (śastram) - A means or method to achieve a goal (weapon, instrument, means, rule)

• मृदु (mṛdu) - soft, gentle, mild, tender

• विद्याम् (vidyām) - I may know, I may learn

• अहम् (aham) - I

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

• येन (yena) - by which, with which

• एषाम् (eṣām) - Referring to the people whose speech needs correction (of these, among these)

• उद्धरे (uddhare) - To rectify or purify speech (I may lift up, I may rectify, I may purify)

• जिह्वाम् (jihvām) - Speech, words (tongue, speech)

• परिमृज्य (parimṛjya) - Referring to purifying speech (having wiped thoroughly, having purified completely)

• अनुमृज्य (anumṛjya) - Referring to repeatedly purifying speech (having wiped again, having cleansed repeatedly)

• च (ca) - and

Words meanings and morphology

वासुदेव (vāsudeva) - Vāsudeva, the speaker (Vasudeva (father of Krishna))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vāsudeva

vāsudeva - son of Vasudeva, Krishna; Vasudeva (proper name)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of uvāca

Perfect Active

From root vac (to speak), perfect tense, 3rd person singular

Root: vac (class 2)

अनायसम् (anāyasam) - effortless, easy, not difficult

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of anāyasa

anāyasa - not involving effort, effortless, easy

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+āyāsa)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• āyāsa – effort, exertion, trouble, fatigue
  noun (masculine)
  From root yam with prefix ā
  Prefix: ā
  Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Modifies śastram

मुने (mune) - Addressing Nārada (O sage, O ascetic)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of muni

muni - sage, ascetic, seer, saint

शस्त्रम् (śastram) - A means or method to achieve a goal (weapon, instrument, means, rule)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śastra

śastra - weapon, instrument, tool, means, rule, treatise

From root śas (to cut) + tra (instrument suffix)

Root: śas (class 1)

मृदु (mṛdu) - soft, gentle, mild, tender

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mṛdu

mṛdu - soft, gentle, mild, tender, weak

Note: Modifies śastram

विद्याम् (vidyām) - I may know, I may learn

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, potential (vidhiliṅ) of vid

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Optative/Potential mood

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

(indeclinable)

येन (yena) - by which, with which

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of yat

yat - which, what, who (relative pronoun)

Note: Refers to 'śastram' (neuter, but often masculine forms are used generally or for 'means')

एषाम् (eṣām) - Referring to the people whose speech needs correction (of these, among these)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of idam

idam - this, these

उद्धरे (uddhare) - To rectify or purify speech (I may lift up, I may rectify, I may purify)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, potential (vidhiliṅ) of uddhṛ

From root hṛ (to carry) with prefix ud

Prefix: ud

Root: hṛ (class 1)

जिह्वाम् (jihvām) - Speech, words (tongue, speech)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of jihvā

jihvā - tongue, speech, language, mouth

परिमृज्य (parimṛjya) - Referring to purifying speech (having wiped thoroughly, having purified completely)

(indeclinable)

Gerund/Absolutive

From root mṛj (to wipe) with prefix pari

Prefix: pari

Root: mṛj (class 2)

अनुमृज्य (anumṛjya) - Referring to repeatedly purifying speech (having wiped again, having cleansed repeatedly)

(indeclinable)

Gerund/Absolutive

From root mṛj (to wipe) with prefix anu

Prefix: anu

Root: mṛj (class 2)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)