महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-270, verse-33

केन वा कर्मणा शक्यमथ ज्ञानेन केन वा ।
ब्रह्मर्षे तत्फलं प्राप्तुं तन्मे व्याख्यातुमर्हसि ॥३३॥

33. kena vā karmaṇā śakyamatha jñānena kena vā ,
brahmarṣe tatphalaṁ prāptuṁ tanme vyākhyātumarhasi.

33. kena vā karmaṇā śakyam atha jñānena kena vā
brahmarṣe tat phalam prāptum tat me vyākhyātum arhasi

33. brahmarṣe tat phalam kena vā karmaṇā atha vā kena
jñānena prāptum śakyam tat me vyākhyātum arhasi

33. O great sage (Brahmarishi), by what action (karma), or by what knowledge, is it possible to attain that result? You should explain that to me.

Words meanings summery:

• केन (kena) - by what, by whom

• वा (vā) - or

• कर्मणा (karmaṇā) - by action (karma), by ritual

• शक्यम् (śakyam) - possible, capable, able to be done

• अथ (atha) - then, or else

• ज्ञानेन (jñānena) - by knowledge

• केन (kena) - by what

• वा (vā) - or

• ब्रह्मर्षे (brahmarṣe) - O Brahmarishi, O sage of Brahman

• तत् (tat) - that, refers to the 'ultimate result'

• फलम् (phalam) - result, fruit

• प्राप्तुम् (prāptum) - to obtain, to attain

• तत् (tat) - that (refers to the explanation)

• मे (me) - to me, for me

• व्याख्यातुम् (vyākhyātum) - to explain, to expound

• अर्हसि (arhasi) - you are able, you ought, you deserve

Words meanings and morphology

केन (kena) - by what, by whom

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine/neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which, who

Note: Agrees with karmaṇā or jñānena

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

कर्मणा (karmaṇā) - by action (karma), by ritual

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of karman

karman - action, deed, ritual, fate, effect

From root 'kṛ' (to do) + suffix 'man'

Root: kṛ (class 8)

शक्यम् (śakyam) - possible, capable, able to be done

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śakya

śakya - possible, practicable, capable, able

Gerundive (Potential Passive Participle)

From root 'śak' (to be able) + suffix '-ya'

Root: śak (class 5)

Note: Can also be accusative singular

अथ (atha) - then, or else

(indeclinable)

ज्ञानेन (jñānena) - by knowledge

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of jñāna

jñāna - knowledge, wisdom, understanding

From root 'jñā' (to know) + suffix '-ana'

Root: jñā (class 9)

केन (kena) - by what

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine/neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which, who

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

ब्रह्मर्षे (brahmarṣe) - O Brahmarishi, O sage of Brahman

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of brahmarṣi

brahmarṣi - a Brahmin sage, a sage who has attained the knowledge of Brahman

Compound of 'brahman' and 'ṛṣi'

Compound type : karmadhāraya (brahman+ṛṣi)

• brahman – Brahman, the Absolute, sacred knowledge, priest
  noun (neuter)
• ṛṣi – sage, seer, inspired poet
  noun (masculine)

तत् (tat) - that, refers to the 'ultimate result'

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the ultimate result mentioned in the previous verse

फलम् (phalam) - result, fruit

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of phala

phala - fruit, result, consequence, reward

प्राप्तुम् (prāptum) - to obtain, to attain

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

Formed with prefix 'pra' and root 'āp' + suffix '-tum'

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Infinitive form functions as an indeclinable

तत् (tat) - that (refers to the explanation)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to 'that' (explanation)

मे (me) - to me, for me

(pronoun)

singular of aham

aham - I, me

Note: Enclitic form for dative/genitive singular

व्याख्यातुम् (vyākhyātum) - to explain, to expound

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

From root 'khyā' (to tell, see) with prefixes 'vi' and 'ā'

Prefixes: vi+ā

Root: khyā (class 2)

Note: Infinitive form functions as an indeclinable

अर्हसि (arhasi) - you are able, you ought, you deserve

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of arh

Root: arh (class 1)