महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-270, verse-23

भीष्म उवाच ।
कालसंख्यानसंख्यातं सृष्टिस्थितिपरायणम् ।
तं भाषमाणं भगवानुशना प्रत्यभाषत ।
भीमान्दुष्टप्रलापांस्त्वं तात कस्मात्प्रभाषसे ॥२३॥

23. bhīṣma uvāca ,
kālasaṁkhyānasaṁkhyātaṁ sṛṣṭisthitiparāyaṇam ,
taṁ bhāṣamāṇaṁ bhagavānuśanā pratyabhāṣata ,
bhīmānduṣṭapralāpāṁstvaṁ tāta kasmātprabhāṣase.

23. bhīṣma uvāca | kālasaṃkhyānasaṃkhyātam
sṛṣṭisthitiparāyaṇam | tam bhāṣamāṇam
bhagavān uśanā prati abhāṣata | bhīmān
duṣṭa pralāpān tvam tāta kasmāt prabhāṣase

23. bhīṣma uvāca bhagavān uśanā,
kālasaṃkhyānasaṃkhyātam sṛṣṭisthitiparāyaṇam tam bhāṣamāṇam,
prati abhāṣata (uśanā uvāca) tāta,
tvam kasmāt bhīmān duṣṭapralāpān prabhāṣase?

23. Bhīṣma said: The venerable Uśanas replied to him who was speaking, who was well-versed in the calculation of time, and who was devoted to creation and maintenance, saying: "My dear son, why do you utter such terrible, wicked words?"

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhishma (proper noun)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

• कालसंख्यानसंख्यातम् (kālasaṁkhyānasaṁkhyātam) - whose calculations of time were well-measured / who was well-versed in the calculation of time (calculated by the counting of time, well-versed in time calculation)

• सृष्टिस्थितिपरायणम् (sṛṣṭisthitiparāyaṇam) - devoted to creation and maintenance

• तम् (tam) - him, that

• भाषमाणम् (bhāṣamāṇam) - who was speaking (speaking, uttering)

• भगवान् (bhagavān) - the venerable (venerable, lord, fortunate)

• उशना (uśanā) - Uśanas (Uśanas (proper noun), name of the preceptor of the Asuras (also known as Śukra))

• प्रति (prati) - in reply to (towards, against, in reply to)

• अभाषत (abhāṣata) - replied (spoke, said)

• भीमान् (bhīmān) - terrible (terrible, dreadful, formidable)

• दुष्ट (duṣṭa) - wicked (wicked, corrupt, spoiled, evil)

• प्रलापान् (pralāpān) - utterances (utterances, ravings, incoherent speech)

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• तात (tāta) - My dear son (dear son, dear father, dear one)

• कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why, from what (reason)

• प्रभाषसे (prabhāṣase) - you speak, you utter

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhishma (proper noun)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (name of a character in the Mahabharata)

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active Indicative

Third person singular perfect active indicative of √vac (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

कालसंख्यानसंख्यातम् (kālasaṁkhyānasaṁkhyātam) - whose calculations of time were well-measured / who was well-versed in the calculation of time (calculated by the counting of time, well-versed in time calculation)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kālasaṃkhyānasaṃkhyāta

kālasaṁkhyānasaṁkhyāta - measured by time-reckoning, well-calculated in time, skilled in chronology

Compound type : tatpurusha (kāla+saṃkhyāna+saṃkhyāta)

• kāla – time, period, season
  noun (masculine)
• saṃkhyāna – counting, numbering, calculation, reckoning
  noun (neuter)
  From sam- + √khyā (to tell, relate)
  Prefix: sam
  Root: khyā (class 2)
• saṃkhyāta – counted, numbered, measured, reckoned, well-versed
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Past Passive Participle of sam- + √khyā (to tell, relate, count)
  Prefix: sam
  Root: khyā (class 2)

Note: Agrees with `tam bhāṣamāṇam`.

सृष्टिस्थितिपरायणम् (sṛṣṭisthitiparāyaṇam) - devoted to creation and maintenance

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sṛṣṭisthitiparāyaṇa

sṛṣṭisthitiparāyaṇa - devoted to creation and preservation/maintenance, whose highest aim is creation and maintenance

Compound type : bahuvrihi (sṛṣṭi+sthiti+parāyaṇa)

• sṛṣṭi – creation, production, universe
  noun (feminine)
  Root: sṛj (class 6)
• sthiti – standing, remaining, existence, maintenance, preservation
  noun (feminine)
  From √sthā (to stand)
  Root: sthā (class 1)
• parāyaṇa – chief aim, last resort, devoted to, dependent on, highest refuge
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with `tam bhāṣamāṇam`.

तम् (tam) - him, that

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the person speaking (Śukra/Uśanas' interlocutor).

भाषमाणम् (bhāṣamāṇam) - who was speaking (speaking, uttering)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhāṣamāṇa

bhāṣamāṇa - speaking, saying, talking

Present Middle Participle

Present Middle Participle (śānac) of √bhāṣ (to speak, to say)

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `tam`.

भगवान् (bhagavān) - the venerable (venerable, lord, fortunate)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhagavat

bhagavat - possessing fortune, prosperous, glorious, divine, venerable, lord

Note: Agrees with Uśanas.

उशना (uśanā) - Uśanas (Uśanas (proper noun), name of the preceptor of the Asuras (also known as Śukra))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of uśanas

uśanas - Uśanas (name of a Vedic Rishi, preceptor of the Asuras, also known as Śukra)

Note: Subject of `pratyabhāṣata`.

प्रति (prati) - in reply to (towards, against, in reply to)

(indeclinable)

Note: Functions as a prefix in `pratyabhāṣata`.

अभाषत (abhāṣata) - replied (spoke, said)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, imperfect (luṅ) of bhāṣ

Imperfect Indicative

Third person singular imperfect middle indicative of √bhāṣ (to speak) with augment 'a-' indicating past tense.

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)

भीमान् (bhīmān) - terrible (terrible, dreadful, formidable)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of bhīma

bhīma - terrible, dreadful, formidable, frightful

From √bhī (to fear)

Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Agrees with `pralāpān`.

दुष्ट (duṣṭa) - wicked (wicked, corrupt, spoiled, evil)

(adjective)

of duṣṭa

duṣṭa - wicked, corrupt, evil, bad, spoiled, polluted

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of √duṣ (to be bad, to be spoiled)

Root: duṣ (class 4)

प्रलापान् (pralāpān) - utterances (utterances, ravings, incoherent speech)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pralāpa

pralāpa - utterance, speech, raving, incoherent talk, lamentation

From pra- + √lap (to speak)

Compound type : tatpurusha (duṣṭa+pralāpa)

• duṣṭa – wicked, corrupt, evil, bad, spoiled, polluted
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Past Passive Participle of √duṣ (to be bad, to be spoiled)
  Root: duṣ (class 4)
• pralāpa – utterance, speech, raving, incoherent talk, lamentation
  noun (masculine)
  From pra- + √lap (to speak)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: lap (class 1)

Note: Object of `prabhāṣase`.

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of tvam

tvam - you (singular)

Note: Subject of `prabhāṣase`.

तात (tāta) - My dear son (dear son, dear father, dear one)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of tāta

tāta - father, son, dear one (term of endearment for addressing an elder or younger person)

कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why, from what (reason)

(pronoun)

Ablative, singular of kim

kim - what, which, why, how

Note: Used adverbially.

प्रभाषसे (prabhāṣase) - you speak, you utter

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of pra-bhāṣ

Present Indicative

Second person singular present middle indicative of √bhāṣ (to speak) with prefix pra- (forth, out)

Prefix: pra

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)