महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-270, verse-31

ऐश्वर्यं वै महद्ब्रह्मन्कस्मिन्वर्णे प्रतिष्ठितम् ।
निवर्तते चापि पुनः कथमैश्वर्यमुत्तमम् ॥३१॥

31. aiśvaryaṁ vai mahadbrahmankasminvarṇe pratiṣṭhitam ,
nivartate cāpi punaḥ kathamaiśvaryamuttamam.

31. aiśvaryam vai mahat brahman kasmin varṇe pratiṣṭhitam
nivartate ca api punaḥ katham aiśvaryam uttamam

31. brahman vai mahat aiśvaryam kasmin varṇe pratiṣṭhitam
ca punaḥ uttamam aiśvaryam katham api nivartate

31. O Brahmin, in which social class (varṇa) is great prosperity and supremacy established? And how does this supreme prosperity then cease?

Words meanings summery:

• ऐश्वर्यम् (aiśvaryam) - dominion, prosperity, supremacy, divine power

• वै (vai) - indeed, surely, verily

• महत् (mahat) - great, large, mighty

• ब्रह्मन् (brahman) - O Brahmin, O venerable one

• कस्मिन् (kasmin) - in which, on which

• वर्णे (varṇe) - in the social class (varṇa) (in the caste, in the color, in the class)

• प्रतिष्ठितम् (pratiṣṭhitam) - established, founded, situated, resting

• निवर्तते (nivartate) - it returns, it ceases, it turns back, it withdraws

• च (ca) - and, also

• अपि (api) - also, even, moreover

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, once more, further

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

• ऐश्वर्यम् (aiśvaryam) - dominion, prosperity, supremacy, divine power

• उत्तमम् (uttamam) - supreme, excellent, highest, best

Words meanings and morphology

ऐश्वर्यम् (aiśvaryam) - dominion, prosperity, supremacy, divine power

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of aiśvarya

aiśvarya - dominion, power, wealth, sovereignty, divine power

From īśvara (lord) + ṣyañ suffix.

Root: īś (class 2)

वै (vai) - indeed, surely, verily

(indeclinable)

महत् (mahat) - great, large, mighty

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, mighty, considerable

Stem form, used as nominative/accusative singular neuter.

ब्रह्मन् (brahman) - O Brahmin, O venerable one

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of brahman

brahman - Brahmin, priest, sacred word, the Absolute (brahman)

Vocative singular of brahman (masculine form for a person).

कस्मिन् (kasmin) - in which, on which

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

Locative singular of kim, masculine/neuter.

वर्णे (varṇe) - in the social class (varṇa) (in the caste, in the color, in the class)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of varṇa

varṇa - color, outward appearance, class, caste, social order (varṇa), letter

Locative singular.

Root: vṛ (class 9)

प्रतिष्ठितम् (pratiṣṭhitam) - established, founded, situated, resting

(participle)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pratiṣṭhita

pratiṣṭhita - established, founded, fixed, situated, firm

Past Passive Participle

From prati-√sthā (to stand, establish) + kta pratyaya.

Prefix: prati

Root: sthā (class 1)

निवर्तते (nivartate) - it returns, it ceases, it turns back, it withdraws

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of nivṛt

Present Middle Indicative

3rd person singular present middle.

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Coordinating conjunction.

अपि (api) - also, even, moreover

(indeclinable)

Emphatic or inclusive particle.

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, once more, further

(indeclinable)

Adverb.

कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

(indeclinable)

Interrogative adverb.

ऐश्वर्यम् (aiśvaryam) - dominion, prosperity, supremacy, divine power

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of aiśvarya

aiśvarya - dominion, power, wealth, sovereignty, divine power

From īśvara (lord) + ṣyañ suffix.

Root: īś (class 2)

उत्तमम् (uttamam) - supreme, excellent, highest, best

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of uttama

uttama - highest, best, excellent, supreme, chief

Superlative of ud (up) or ūrdhva.