महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-270, verse-1

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
धन्या धन्या इति जनाः सर्वेऽस्मान्प्रवदन्त्युत ।
न दुःखिततरः कश्चित्पुमानस्माभिरस्ति ह ॥१॥

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
dhanyā dhanyā iti janāḥ sarve'smānpravadantyuta ,
na duḥkhitataraḥ kaścitpumānasmābhirasti ha.

1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca dhanyāḥ dhanyāḥ iti janāḥ sarve asmān
pravadanti uta na duḥkhitatarah kaścit pumān asmābhiḥ asti ha

1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca sarve janāḥ asmān "dhanyāḥ dhanyāḥ" iti uta pravadanti.
Na kaścit pumān asmābhiḥ duḥkhitatarah asti ha.

1. Yudhiṣṭhira said: "All people indeed say, 'Blessed, blessed!' referring to us. Yet, truly, no man is more miserable than we are."

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (a proper name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• धन्याः (dhanyāḥ) - blessed, fortunate

• धन्याः (dhanyāḥ) - blessed, fortunate

• इति (iti) - thus, so, (marks direct speech)

• जनाः (janāḥ) - people, men

• सर्वे (sarve) - all, everyone

• अस्मान् (asmān) - us

• प्रवदन्ति (pravadanti) - they speak of, they call

• उत (uta) - moreover, and, indeed

• न (na) - not

• दुःखिततरह् (duḥkhitatarah) - more miserable, more distressed

• कश्चित् (kaścit) - anyone, someone

• पुमान् (pumān) - man, person

• अस्माभिः (asmābhiḥ) - by us, than us

• अस्ति (asti) - is, exists

• ह (ha) - indeed, truly

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (a proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira (steadfast in battle)

yudhi (in battle) + sthira (firm, steady)

Compound type : aluk-saptamī-tatpuruṣa (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle
  indeclinable/locative noun form (feminine)
  locative singular of yudh (battle)
  Root: yudh (class 4)
• sthira – firm, steady, stable
  adjective (masculine)
  from √sthā (to stand)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Subject of the first sentence.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

perfect tense form of √vac

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Verb of speaking.

धन्याः (dhanyāḥ) - blessed, fortunate

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dhanya

dhanya - blessed, fortunate, wealthy

from dhana (wealth) + -ya suffix

Note: Part of the direct speech.

धन्याः (dhanyāḥ) - blessed, fortunate

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dhanya

dhanya - blessed, fortunate, wealthy

from dhana (wealth) + -ya suffix

Note: Repetition for emphasis.

इति (iti) - thus, so, (marks direct speech)

(indeclinable)

Note: Marks the end of the quoted speech.

जनाः (janāḥ) - people, men

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jana

jana - person, people, man

from √jan (to be born)

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Subject of 'pravadanti'.

सर्वे (sarve) - all, everyone

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Modifies 'janāḥ'.

अस्मान् (asmān) - us

(pronoun)

Accusative, plural of asmad

asmad - I, we (first person pronoun)

Note: Object of 'pravadanti'.

प्रवदन्ति (pravadanti) - they speak of, they call

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of pravad

Prefix: pra

Root: vad (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the first statement.

उत (uta) - moreover, and, indeed

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes the statement.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates the following statement.

दुःखिततरह् (duḥkhitatarah) - more miserable, more distressed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duḥkhitātara

duḥkhitātara - more miserable, more distressed

duḥkhita (miserable, distressed, Past Passive Participle of √duḥkh) + -tara (comparative suffix)

Root: duḥkh (class 10)

Note: Predicative adjective for 'pumān'.

कश्चित् (kaścit) - anyone, someone

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kaścid

kaścid - someone, anyone, a certain (indefinite pronoun)

kim (who, what) + cit (indefinite particle)

Note: Indefinite pronoun, subject of 'asti'.

पुमान् (pumān) - man, person

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pums

pums - man, male, person

Note: Subject of the negative clause.

अस्माभिः (asmābhiḥ) - by us, than us

(pronoun)

Instrumental, plural of asmad

asmad - I, we (first person pronoun)

Note: Used in comparative construction.

अस्ति (asti) - is, exists

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Main verb of the second statement.

ह (ha) - indeed, truly

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.