महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-175, verse-31

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पठन्ति चैव मुनयः शास्त्रेषु विविधेषु च ।
त्रैलोक्ये सागरे चैव प्रमाणं विहितं यथा ।
अदृश्याय त्वगम्याय कः प्रमाणमुदाहरेत् ॥३१॥

31. paṭhanti caiva munayaḥ śāstreṣu vividheṣu ca ,
trailokye sāgare caiva pramāṇaṁ vihitaṁ yathā ,
adṛśyāya tvagamyāya kaḥ pramāṇamudāharet.

31. paṭhanti ca eva munayaḥ śāstreṣu
vividheṣu ca trailokye sāgare ca
eva pramāṇam vihitam yathā adṛśyāya
tu agamyāya kaḥ pramāṇam udāharet

31. ca eva munayaḥ vividheṣu śāstreṣu
ca trailokye sāgare eva ca yathā
pramāṇam vihitam paṭhanti tu adṛśyāya
agamyāya kaḥ pramāṇam udāharet?

31. Indeed, sages (munayaḥ) declare in various scriptures how a measure (pramāṇa) is established for the three worlds (trailokya) and for the ocean. But for that which is invisible and inaccessible, who could possibly state its measure?

Words meanings summery:

(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)

पठन्ति (paṭhanti) - they declare (they read, they recite, they teach, they declare)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

एव (eva) - indeed (indeed, only, just)

मुनयः (munayaḥ) - sages (munayaḥ) (sages, ascetics)

शास्त्रेषु (śāstreṣu) - in the scriptures (in the scriptures, in the treatises)

विविदेषु (vivideṣu) - in various (in various, in diverse)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

त्रैलोक्ये (trailokye) - for the three worlds (trailokya) (in the three worlds)

सागरे (sāgare) - for the ocean (in the ocean)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

एव (eva) - indeed (indeed, only, just)

प्रमाणम् (pramāṇam) - measure (pramāṇa) (measure, extent, authority, proof)

विहितम् (vihitam) - established (prescribed, established, arranged, performed)

यथा (yathā) - how (as, just as, according to)

अदृश्याय (adṛśyāya) - for that which is invisible (to the invisible, to the imperceptible)

तु (tu) - but (but, on the other hand, indeed)

अगम्याय (agamyāya) - and inaccessible (to the inaccessible, to that which cannot be approached)

कः (kaḥ) - who (who?)

प्रमाणम् (pramāṇam) - its measure (pramāṇa) (measure, extent, authority, proof)

उदाहरेत् (udāharet) - could possibly state (would declare, should declare, would state, should state)

Words meanings and morphology

पठन्ति (paṭhanti) - they declare (they read, they recite, they teach, they declare)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (lat) of paṭh

Root: paṭh (class 1)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed (indeed, only, just)

(indeclinable)

मुनयः (munayaḥ) - sages (munayaḥ) (sages, ascetics)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of muni

muni - sage, ascetic, seer

Note: Subject of 'paṭhanti'.

शास्त्रेषु (śāstreṣu) - in the scriptures (in the scriptures, in the treatises)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of śāstra

śāstra - sacred scripture, treatise, scientific work, doctrine

From √śās (to teach, instruct)

Root: śās (class 2)

विविदेषु (vivideṣu) - in various (in various, in diverse)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, plural of vividha

vividha - various, diverse, manifold

from vi- (apart) + vidha (kind)

Compound type : tatpurusha (vi+vidha)

vi – apart, asunder
indeclinable
prefix
vidha – kind, sort, manner
noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'śāstreṣu'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'śāstreṣu' and 'trailokye sāgare'.

त्रैलोक्ये (trailokye) - for the three worlds (trailokya) (in the three worlds)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of trailokya

trailokya - the three worlds (heaven, earth, and lower regions)

from tri- (three) + loka (world)

Compound type : dvigu (tri+loka)

tri – three
numeral (neuter)
loka – world, realm
noun (masculine)

सागरे (sāgare) - for the ocean (in the ocean)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of sāgara

sāgara - ocean, sea

from sa- (with) + gara (poison) or sarga (creation). Or related to 'Sagara' a mythological king

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used with 'eva' for emphasis: 'and indeed'.

एव (eva) - indeed (indeed, only, just)

(indeclinable)

प्रमाणम् (pramāṇam) - measure (pramāṇa) (measure, extent, authority, proof)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pramāṇa

pramāṇa - measure, dimension, authority, evidence, standard

Derived from pra- + √mā (to measure)

Prefix: pra

Root: mā (class 3)

Note: Subject of 'vihitam'.

विहितम् (vihitam) - established (prescribed, established, arranged, performed)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vihita

vihita - arranged, placed, appointed, prescribed, performed

Past Passive Participle

from vi- (apart) + √dhā (to place, put)

Prefix: vi

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Agrees with 'pramāṇam'.

यथा (yathā) - how (as, just as, according to)

(indeclinable)

अदृश्याय (adṛśyāya) - for that which is invisible (to the invisible, to the imperceptible)

(adjective)

Dative, masculine, singular of adṛśya

adṛśya - invisible, imperceptible, not to be seen

Gerundive

from a- (not) + √dṛś (to see) + -ya (gerundive suffix)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (a+dṛśya)

a – not, un-
indeclinable
negative prefix
dṛśya – visible, to be seen
adjective (masculine)
Gerundive
from √dṛś (to see)
Root: dṛś (class 1)

तु (tu) - but (but, on the other hand, indeed)

(indeclinable)

अगम्याय (agamyāya) - and inaccessible (to the inaccessible, to that which cannot be approached)

(adjective)

Dative, masculine, singular of agamya

agamya - inaccessible, unattainable, not to be approached

Gerundive

from a- (not) + √gam (to go) + -ya (gerundive suffix)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (a+gamya)

a – not, un-
indeclinable
negative prefix
gamya – accessible, to be approached, knowable
adjective (masculine)
Gerundive
from √gam (to go)
Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'adṛśyāya'.

कः (kaḥ) - who (who?)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

Note: Subject of 'udāharet'.

प्रमाणम् (pramāṇam) - its measure (pramāṇa) (measure, extent, authority, proof)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pramāṇa

pramāṇa - measure, dimension, authority, evidence, standard

Derived from pra- + √mā (to measure)

Prefix: pra