महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-175, verse-1

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
कुतः सृष्टमिदं विश्वं जगत्स्थावरजङ्गमम् ।
प्रलये च कमभ्येति तन्मे ब्रूहि पितामह ॥१॥

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
kutaḥ sṛṣṭamidaṁ viśvaṁ jagatsthāvarajaṅgamam ,
pralaye ca kamabhyeti tanme brūhi pitāmaha.

1. Yudhiṣṭhira uvāca kutaḥ sṛṣṭam idam viśvam jagat
sthāvara-jaṅgamam pralaye ca kam abhyeti tat me brūhi pitāmaha

1. Yudhiṣṭhira uvāca: pitāmaha,
idam sthāvara-jaṅgamam viśvam jagat kutaḥ sṛṣṭam? pralaye ca kam abhyeti? tat me brūhi.

1. Yudhiṣṭhira said: "O Grandfather, from where was this universe created, this world of stationary and moving beings? And to whom does it return at the time of dissolution? Tell me that."

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhiṣṭhira (name of the eldest Pāṇḍava)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• कुतः (kutaḥ) - from where (from where, whence, why)

• सृष्टम् (sṛṣṭam) - created (created, manifested, produced)

• इदम् (idam) - this (this, this one)

• विश्वम् (viśvam) - universe (universe, all, whole)

• जगत् (jagat) - world (world, moving, living beings)

• स्थावर-जङ्गमम् (sthāvara-jaṅgamam) - consisting of stationary and moving beings

• प्रलये (pralaye) - at the dissolution (at the time of dissolution, at the end of an eon)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• कम् (kam) - whom (whom, to whom)

• अभ्येति (abhyeti) - returns to (approaches, goes towards, returns to)

• तत् (tat) - that (that, therefore)

• मे (me) - to me (to me, for me, my)

• ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell (tell, say)

• पितामह (pitāmaha) - O Grandfather (Bhiṣma) (grandfather, great father (an address for Brahmā or Bhiṣma))

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhiṣṭhira (name of the eldest Pāṇḍava)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of Yudhiṣṭhira

Yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira (name of the eldest Pāṇḍava, son of Pāṇḍu and Kuntī, known for his adherence to dharma)

Compound type : Tatpurusha (yudh+sthira)

• yudh – battle, fight
  noun (feminine)
  Root: yudh (class 4)
• sthira – firm, steady, stable, unmoving
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Liṭ) of vac

Perfect tense, third person singular

Irregular perfect formation of root vac.

Root: vac (class 2)

कुतः (kutaḥ) - from where (from where, whence, why)

(indeclinable)

Ablative singular form of kim, used as an indeclinable adverb meaning 'from where'.

Note: Functions as an adverb of place.

सृष्टम् (sṛṣṭam) - created (created, manifested, produced)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sṛṣṭa

sṛṣṭa - created, produced, manifested

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root sṛj (to create, emit) with suffix -ta.

Root: sṛj (class 6)

इदम् (idam) - this (this, this one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Demonstrative pronoun.

विश्वम् (viśvam) - universe (universe, all, whole)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of viśva

viśva - all, whole, entire; the universe, world

जगत् (jagat) - world (world, moving, living beings)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of jagat

jagat - world, universe; moving; living beings

Present Active Participle

Root gam (to go) + suffix -at. Functions as a noun here.

Root: gam (class 1)

स्थावर-जङ्गमम् (sthāvara-jaṅgamam) - consisting of stationary and moving beings

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sthāvara-jaṅgama

sthāvara-jaṅgama - stationary and moving; all creation

Dvandva compound functioning as an adjective, agreeing with 'jagat' and 'viśvam'.

Compound type : Dvandva (sthāvara+jaṅgama)

• sthāvara – stationary, immobile, fixed (e.g., plants, mountains)
  adjective (neuter)
  From sthā (to stand) + vara.
  Root: sthā (class 1)
• jaṅgama – moving, mobile (e.g., animals, humans)
  adjective (neuter)
  Reduplicated form of gam (to go) + a. Or from root jaṅg (to move).
  Root: gam (class 1)

प्रलये (pralaye) - at the dissolution (at the time of dissolution, at the end of an eon)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of pralaya

pralaya - dissolution, destruction, absorption, cosmic re-absorption

From pra + li (to dissolve, melt).

Prefix: pra

Root: li (class 4)

Note: Refers to the periodic dissolution of the universe.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

कम् (kam) - whom (whom, to whom)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - what, which, who

Accusative singular form of kim.

अभ्येति (abhyeti) - returns to (approaches, goes towards, returns to)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (Laṭ) of abhi-i

Present tense, third person singular

From upasarga 'abhi' + root 'i' (to go).

Prefix: abhi

Root: i (class 2)

तत् (tat) - that (that, therefore)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this, it

Demonstrative pronoun. Neuter nominative/accusative singular.

मे (me) - to me (to me, for me, my)

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of aham

aham - I, me

Enclitic Dative/Genitive singular form of 'aham' (first person pronoun).

ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell (tell, say)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (Loṭ) of brū

Imperative, second person singular

Irregular imperative form of root brū.

Root: brū (class 2)

पितामह (pitāmaha) - O Grandfather (Bhiṣma) (grandfather, great father (an address for Brahmā or Bhiṣma))

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pitāmaha

pitāmaha - grandfather (father's father); a title for Brahmā or a venerable elder

Note: Yudhiṣṭhira addresses Bhiṣma, his great-uncle, as 'Grandfather'.