महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-11, chapter-18, verse-26

तानेष रभसः क्रूरो वाक्शल्यानवधारयन् ।
उत्ससर्ज विषं तेषु सर्पो गोवृषभेष्विव ॥२६॥

26. tāneṣa rabhasaḥ krūro vākśalyānavadhārayan ,
utsasarja viṣaṁ teṣu sarpo govṛṣabheṣviva.

26. tān eṣa rabhasaḥ krūraḥ vākśalyān anavadhārayan
utsasarja viṣam teṣu sarpaḥ govṛṣabheṣu iva

26. eṣa rabhasaḥ krūraḥ tān vākśalyān anavadhārayan teṣu viṣam utsasarja,
govṛṣabheṣu sarpaḥ iva

26. This impetuous and cruel person, not restraining his sharp verbal attacks, spewed forth venom upon them, just as a serpent among cows and bulls.

Words meanings summery:

• तान् (tān) - Refers to the verbal darts mentioned. (those)

• एष (eṣa) - Refers to Duryodhana. (this, he)

• रभसः (rabhasaḥ) - Describes the cruel person (Duryodhana). (impetuous, violent, hasty)

• क्रूरः (krūraḥ) - Describes the cruel person (Duryodhana). (cruel, fierce, dreadful)

• वाक्शल्यान् (vākśalyān) - Refers to harsh or insulting words. (verbal darts, word-thorns)

• अनवधारयन् (anavadhārayan) - Implying Duryodhana speaks his harsh words without restraint or consideration for their consequences. (not restraining, not considering, not understanding, not holding back)

• उत्ससर्ज (utsasarja) - Referring to emitting poison, or figuratively, harsh words/venom. (he discharged, he emitted, he released)

• विषम् (viṣam) - Literally for the snake, figuratively for the harshness of the words. (poison, venom)

• तेषु (teṣu) - Refers to the Pāṇḍavas or those who are the target of Duryodhana's venom. (among them, on them)

• सर्पः (sarpaḥ) - The agent in the simile. (a snake, a serpent)

• गोवृषभेषु (govṛṣabheṣu) - The objects of the simile for the snake's venom. (among cows and bulls, among cattle)

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

Words meanings and morphology

तान् (tān) - Refers to the verbal darts mentioned. (those)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

एष (eṣa) - Refers to Duryodhana. (this, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, he, she, it

रभसः (rabhasaḥ) - Describes the cruel person (Duryodhana). (impetuous, violent, hasty)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rabhasa

rabhasa - impetuosity, violence, haste, furious

Note: Qualifies the implied subject.

क्रूरः (krūraḥ) - Describes the cruel person (Duryodhana). (cruel, fierce, dreadful)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of krūra

krūra - cruel, fierce, dreadful, bloody, hard

Note: Qualifies the implied subject.

वाक्शल्यान् (vākśalyān) - Refers to harsh or insulting words. (verbal darts, word-thorns)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of vākśalya

vākśalya - word-thorn, verbal dart

Compound type : karma-dhāraya (vāc+śalya)

• vāc – speech, word, voice
  noun (feminine)
• śalya – dart, arrow, thorn, missile
  noun (masculine)

अनवधारयन् (anavadhārayan) - Implying Duryodhana speaks his harsh words without restraint or consideration for their consequences. (not restraining, not considering, not understanding, not holding back)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anavadhārayat

anavadhārayat - not restraining, not considering, not perceiving

Present Active Participle

Derived from root dhṛ (to hold, support) with prefixes ava- and ā-, then causative -aya-, and negative prefix a-.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+avadhārayat)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• avadhārayat – restraining, considering, perceiving
  adjective (masculine)
  Present Active Participle (causative)
  Causative of ava-ā-dhṛ
  Prefixes: ava+ā
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with eṣa (Duryodhana).

उत्ससर्ज (utsasarja) - Referring to emitting poison, or figuratively, harsh words/venom. (he discharged, he emitted, he released)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of utsṛj

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular

Prefix: ut

Root: sṛj (class 6)

Note: From root sṛj with upasarga ut.

विषम् (viṣam) - Literally for the snake, figuratively for the harshness of the words. (poison, venom)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of viṣa

viṣa - poison, venom, bane

तेषु (teṣu) - Refers to the Pāṇḍavas or those who are the target of Duryodhana's venom. (among them, on them)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Could be masculine or neuter plural. Contextually, refers to people.

सर्पः (sarpaḥ) - The agent in the simile. (a snake, a serpent)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sarpa

sarpa - snake, serpent, reptile

Root: sṛp (class 1)

गोवृषभेषु (govṛṣabheṣu) - The objects of the simile for the snake's venom. (among cows and bulls, among cattle)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of govṛṣabha

govṛṣabha - cows and bulls, cattle

Compound type : dvandva (go+vṛṣabha)

• go – cow, ox, cattle
  noun (feminine)
• vṛṣabha – bull, chief, best
  noun (masculine)

Note: Literal meaning: 'among cows and bulls'.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

Note: Used for comparison.