महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-11, chapter-18, verse-25

न बुध्यसे त्वं दुर्बुद्धे भीमसेनममर्षणम् ।
वाङ्नाराचैस्तुदंस्तीक्ष्णैरुल्काभिरिव कुञ्जरम् ॥२५॥

25. na budhyase tvaṁ durbuddhe bhīmasenamamarṣaṇam ,
vāṅnārācaistudaṁstīkṣṇairulkābhiriva kuñjaram.

25. na budhyase tvam durbuddhe bhīmasenam amarṣaṇam
vāṅnārācaiḥ tudan tīkṣṇaiḥ ulkābhiḥ iva kuñjaram

25. durbuddhe tvam amarṣaṇam bhīmasenam tīkṣṇaiḥ
vāṅnārācaiḥ tudan ulkābhiḥ kuñjaram iva na budhyase

25. O foolish one, you do not understand Bhīmasena, who is fiercely intolerant, as you pierce him with sharp word-arrows, just as one would pierce an elephant with flaming torches.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no

• बुध्यसे (budhyase) - you understand, you perceive

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• दुर्बुद्धे (durbuddhe) - Addressing Duryodhana or a similar character. (O foolish one, O evil-minded one)

• भीमसेनम् (bhīmasenam) - Refers to Bhīmasena, one of the five Pāṇḍava brothers. (Bhīmasena)

• अमर्षणम् (amarṣaṇam) - Referring to Bhīmasena's quick temper and inability to tolerate insults. (intolerant, impatient, unenduring)

• वाङ्नाराचैः (vāṅnārācaiḥ) - Referring to insults or harsh words. (with word-arrows, with verbal shafts)

• तुदन् (tudan) - Refers to the 'you' (Duryodhana or speaker's implied audience) who is piercing. (piercing, tormenting, striking)

• तीक्ष्णैः (tīkṣṇaiḥ) - Qualifies the word-arrows. (sharp, harsh, keen)

• उल्काभिः (ulkābhiḥ) - Used as a simile for the harsh words. (with meteors, with burning brands, with flaming torches)

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• कुञ्जरम् (kuñjaram) - The object being pierced in the simile. (an elephant)

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

बुध्यसे (budhyase) - you understand, you perceive

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of budh

Present, middle voice, 2nd person singular

Root: budh (class 1)

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

दुर्बुद्धे (durbuddhe) - Addressing Duryodhana or a similar character. (O foolish one, O evil-minded one)

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of durbuddhi

durbuddhi - foolish, evil-minded, stupid

Compound type : bahuvrihi (dur+buddhi)

• dur – bad, difficult, evil
  indeclinable
  prefix
• buddhi – intellect, understanding, mind, wisdom
  noun (feminine)
  Root: budh (class 1)

Note: From durbuddhi (i-stem). Vocative singular.

भीमसेनम् (bhīmasenam) - Refers to Bhīmasena, one of the five Pāṇḍava brothers. (Bhīmasena)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhīmasena

bhīmasena - Bhīmasena (name), one whose army is terrible

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhīma+senā)

• bhīma – terrible, fearful, dreadful
  adjective (masculine)
• senā – army, host
  noun (feminine)

अमर्षणम् (amarṣaṇam) - Referring to Bhīmasena's quick temper and inability to tolerate insults. (intolerant, impatient, unenduring)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of amarṣaṇa

amarṣaṇa - intolerant, impatient, unenduring, indignant

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+marṣaṇa)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• marṣaṇa – tolerance, endurance
  noun (neuter)
  nominalization of mṛṣ
  Root: mṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Qualifies Bhīmasena.

वाङ्नाराचैः (vāṅnārācaiḥ) - Referring to insults or harsh words. (with word-arrows, with verbal shafts)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of vāṅnārāca

vāṅnārāca - word-arrow, verbal shaft

Compound type : karma-dhāraya (vāc+nārāca)

• vāc – speech, word, voice
  noun (feminine)
• nārāca – iron arrow, steel arrow, shaft
  noun (masculine)

Note: Sandhi of vāc + nārāca results in vāṅnārāca.

तुदन् (tudan) - Refers to the 'you' (Duryodhana or speaker's implied audience) who is piercing. (piercing, tormenting, striking)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tudat

tudat - piercing, striking, tormenting

Present Active Participle

Derived from root tud (to pierce, strike) in present active participle form.

Root: tud (class 6)

Note: Agrees with tvam (implied in the action of piercing).

तीक्ष्णैः (tīkṣṇaiḥ) - Qualifies the word-arrows. (sharp, harsh, keen)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of tīkṣṇa

tīkṣṇa - sharp, keen, harsh, severe, pungent

Note: Agrees with vāṅnārācaiḥ.

उल्काभिः (ulkābhiḥ) - Used as a simile for the harsh words. (with meteors, with burning brands, with flaming torches)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, plural of ulkā

ulkā - meteor, firebrand, flaming torch, lamp

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

Note: Used for comparison.

कुञ्जरम् (kuñjaram) - The object being pierced in the simile. (an elephant)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kuñjara

kuñjara - elephant, a lordly elephant