महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-11, chapter-18, verse-2

इदं दुःखतरं मेऽद्य यदिमा मुक्तमूर्धजाः ।
हतपुत्रा रणे बालाः परिधावन्ति मे स्नुषाः ॥२॥

2. idaṁ duḥkhataraṁ me'dya yadimā muktamūrdhajāḥ ,
hataputrā raṇe bālāḥ paridhāvanti me snuṣāḥ.

2. idam duḥkhataram me adya yat imāḥ muktamūrdhajāḥ
hataputrāḥ raṇe bālāḥ paridhāvanti me snuṣāḥ

2. adya idam me duḥkhataram yat imāḥ me hataputrāḥ
raṇe muktamūrdhajāḥ bālāḥ snuṣāḥ paridhāvanti

2. This is even more sorrowful for me today, that these young daughters-in-law of mine, whose sons have been killed in battle, wander about with their hair disheveled.

Words meanings summery:

• इदम् (idam) - this situation (this)

• दुःखतरम् (duḥkhataram) - more sorrowful, more painful, more grievous

• मे (me) - my, of me

• अद्य (adya) - today, now

• यत् (yat) - that, which

• इमाः (imāḥ) - these

• मुक्तमूर्धजाः (muktamūrdhajāḥ) - a sign of grief and lamentation (with loosened hair, whose hair is disheveled)

• हतपुत्राः (hataputrāḥ) - whose sons are killed, bereft of sons

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in war

• बालाः (bālāḥ) - young women, girls

• परिधावन्ति (paridhāvanti) - they run about, they wander around

• मे (me) - my, of me

• स्नुषाः (snuṣāḥ) - daughters-in-law

Words meanings and morphology

इदम् (idam) - this situation (this)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, here

दुःखतरम् (duḥkhataram) - more sorrowful, more painful, more grievous

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of duḥkhatara

duḥkhatara - more sorrowful, more painful (comparative of duḥkha)

Comparative degree of 'duḥkha'

Note: Agrees with idam

मे (me) - my, of me

(pronoun)

singular of mad

mad - I, me

अद्य (adya) - today, now

(indeclinable)

यत् (yat) - that, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - that, which, what

Note: Used as a conjunction here.

इमाः (imāḥ) - these

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of idam

idam - this, here

Note: Agrees with snuṣāḥ

मुक्तमूर्धजाः (muktamūrdhajāḥ) - a sign of grief and lamentation (with loosened hair, whose hair is disheveled)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of muktamūrdhajā

muktamūrdhajā - having disheveled hair

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mukta+mūrdhaja)

• mukta – loosened, released (past passive participle)
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root muc 'to release'
  Root: muc (class 6)
• mūrdhaja – hair (lit. 'born on the head')
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with snuṣāḥ

हतपुत्राः (hataputrāḥ) - whose sons are killed, bereft of sons

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of hataputrā

hataputrā - having killed sons, or whose sons are killed

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (hata+putra)

• hata – killed, slain (past passive participle)
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root han 'to strike, kill'
  Root: han (class 2)
• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with snuṣāḥ

रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war, conflict

बालाः (bālāḥ) - young women, girls

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of bālā

bālā - young woman, girl

Note: Can also function as an adjective 'young' referring to the daughters-in-law.

परिधावन्ति (paridhāvanti) - they run about, they wander around

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of dhāv

Present Active

Present 3rd person plural active of root dhāv with upasarga pari-

Prefix: pari

Root: dhāv (class 1)

मे (me) - my, of me

(pronoun)

singular of mad

mad - I, me

स्नुषाः (snuṣāḥ) - daughters-in-law

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of snuṣā

snuṣā - daughter-in-law