महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-11, chapter-18, verse-12

तदिदं धर्मराजेन यातितं नो जनार्दन ।
न हि नाशोऽस्ति वार्ष्णेय कर्मणोः शुभपापयोः ॥१२॥

12. tadidaṁ dharmarājena yātitaṁ no janārdana ,
na hi nāśo'sti vārṣṇeya karmaṇoḥ śubhapāpayoḥ.

12. tat idam dharmarājena yātitam naḥ janārdana na
hi nāśaḥ asti vārṣṇeya karmaṇoḥ śubhapāpayoḥ

12. janārdana tat idam naḥ dharmarājena yātitam
vārṣṇeya hi karmaṇoḥ śubhapāpayoḥ nāśaḥ na asti

12. O Janārdana, this (suffering) has been inflicted upon us by the King of Justice (Dharmarāja). For, O Vārṣṇeya, there is certainly no destruction (nāśaḥ) of (karma) actions (karmaṇoḥ), whether good or bad (śubhapāpayoḥ).

Words meanings summery:

• तत् (tat) - this (suffering) (that, this)

• इदम् (idam) - this, here

• धर्मराजेन (dharmarājena) - by Yama (the god of justice) (by Dharmarāja, by the King of (dharma) Justice)

• यातितम् (yātitam) - inflicted, caused to go, tormented, punished

• नः (naḥ) - upon us, to us, our

• जनार्दन (janārdana) - epithet of Vishnu/Kṛṣṇa (O Janārdana)

• न (na) - not

• हि (hi) - surely, indeed, for

• नाशः (nāśaḥ) - destruction, loss, ruin

• अस्ति (asti) - is, exists

• वार्ष्णेय (vārṣṇeya) - epithet of Kṛṣṇa (O descendant of Vṛṣṇi)

• कर्मणोः (karmaṇoḥ) - of (karma) actions, of two actions

• शुभपापयोः (śubhapāpayoḥ) - of good and bad

Words meanings and morphology

तत् (tat) - this (suffering) (that, this)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Subject of the first clause (implied verb 'is').

इदम् (idam) - this, here

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, here, these

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Agrees with 'tat'.

धर्मराजेन (dharmarājena) - by Yama (the god of justice) (by Dharmarāja, by the King of (dharma) Justice)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of dharmarāja

dharmarāja - king of righteousness, lord of justice, Yama

From 'dharma' (righteousness, justice) + 'rāja' (king). Tatpuruṣa compound.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+rāja)

• dharma – (dharma) righteousness, justice, law, duty, cosmic order, intrinsic nature
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'dhṛ' (to hold, support).
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• rāja – king, ruler, sovereign
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'rāj' (to shine, rule).
  Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Agent of 'yātitam'.

यातितम् (yātitam) - inflicted, caused to go, tormented, punished

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yātita

yātita - caused to go, tormented, punished, inflicted

Causative Past Passive Participle

Derived from causative of root 'yā' (to go) with suffix 'kta'. 'yā + ṇic + kta'.

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Predicate adjective for 'tat idam'.

नः (naḥ) - upon us, to us, our

(pronoun)

plural of asmad

asmad - I, we

Enclitic 1st person plural pronoun.

Note: Recipient of the inflicted suffering.

जनार्दन (janārdana) - epithet of Vishnu/Kṛṣṇa (O Janārdana)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of janārdana

janārdana - Janārdana (one who agitates or punishes people, or who is worshipped by people), an epithet of Vishnu/Kṛṣṇa

From 'jana' (people) + 'ardana' (tormenting, agitating).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (jana+ardana)

• jana – person, people, creature
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'jan' (to be born).
  Root: jan (class 4)
• ardana – tormenting, punishing, agitating
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun from causative root
  From root 'ṛd' (to pain, trouble) + 'ṇic' + 'ana'.
  Root: ṛd (class 1)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

हि (hi) - surely, indeed, for

(indeclinable)

Particle used for emphasis or causation.

नाशः (nāśaḥ) - destruction, loss, ruin

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nāśa

nāśa - destruction, loss, disappearance, ruin

From root 'naś' (to perish, disappear).

Root: naś (class 4)

अस्ति (asti) - is, exists

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Present, 3rd person singular

Derived from root 'as' (class 2) with ending 'ti'.

Root: as (class 2)

वार्ष्णेय (vārṣṇeya) - epithet of Kṛṣṇa (O descendant of Vṛṣṇi)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of vārṣṇeya

vārṣṇeya - descendant of Vṛṣṇi (Kṛṣṇa, Arjuna)

Patronymic from 'Vṛṣṇi'.

कर्मणोः (karmaṇoḥ) - of (karma) actions, of two actions

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, dual of karman

karman - (karma) action, deed, ritual, fate

From root 'kṛ' (to do) + 'man' suffix. n-stem noun.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Genitive of ownership/relation for 'nāśaḥ'. Dual implies two types of actions (good and bad).

शुभपापयोः (śubhapāpayoḥ) - of good and bad

(adjective)

Genitive, neuter, dual of śubhapāpa

śubhapāpa - good and bad, auspicious and inauspicious

From 'śubha' (good, auspicious) + 'pāpa' (bad, inauspicious). Dvandva compound.

Compound type : dvandva (śubha+pāpa)

• śubha – good, auspicious, beautiful, pure
  adjective (neuter)
  From root 'śubh' (to shine, be beautiful).
  Root: śubh (class 1)
• pāpa – bad, evil, sinful, inauspicious
  adjective (neuter)
  From root 'pat' (to fall) with intensive reduplication.
  Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'karmaṇoḥ'.