महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-10, chapter-2, verse-9

ताभ्यां सर्वे हि कार्यार्था मनुष्याणां नरर्षभ ।
विचेष्टन्तश्च दृश्यन्ते निवृत्ताश्च तथैव हि ॥९॥

9. tābhyāṁ sarve hi kāryārthā manuṣyāṇāṁ nararṣabha ,
viceṣṭantaśca dṛśyante nivṛttāśca tathaiva hi.

9. tābhyām sarve hi kāryārthāḥ manuṣyāṇām nararṣabha
viceṣṭantaḥ ca dṛśyante nivṛttāḥ ca tathā eva hi

9. nararṣabha,
hi tābhyām (daiva-puruṣakārābhyām) manuṣyāṇām sarve kāryārthāḥ (janāḥ) viceṣṭantaḥ ca tathā eva nivṛttāḥ ca dṛśyante.

9. O best among men, by means of these two (fate and human effort), indeed all those among humans who undertake actions are seen both striving and similarly desisting.

Words meanings summery:

• ताभ्याम् (tābhyām) - by both fate and human effort (by those two, by them (dual instrumental))

• सर्वे (sarve) - all (all, every)

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely (indeed, surely, for, because)

• कार्यार्थाः (kāryārthāḥ) - those who undertake actions, those whose purpose is activity (those whose purpose is action, those seeking an object, those whose interest is work)

• मनुष्याणाम् (manuṣyāṇām) - among humans (of men, among humans)

• नरर्षभ (nararṣabha) - O best among men (O best among men, O chief of men)

• विचेष्टन्तः (viceṣṭantaḥ) - striving, exerting themselves (striving, exerting, acting)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• दृश्यन्ते (dṛśyante) - are seen, appear

• निवृत्ताः (nivṛttāḥ) - desisting, giving up (ceased, desisted, retired, turned back)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• तथा (tathā) - similarly (thus, so, in that way, similarly)

• एव (eva) - indeed (only, just, indeed, precisely)

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely (indeed, surely, for, because)

Words meanings and morphology

ताभ्याम् (tābhyām) - by both fate and human effort (by those two, by them (dual instrumental))

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine/feminine/neuter, dual of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to daiva and puruṣakāra from the previous verse.

सर्वे (sarve) - all (all, every)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Agrees with kāryārthāḥ.

हि (hi) - indeed, surely (indeed, surely, for, because)

(indeclinable)

कार्यार्थाः (kāryārthāḥ) - those who undertake actions, those whose purpose is activity (those whose purpose is action, those seeking an object, those whose interest is work)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kāryārtha

kāryārtha - having an object to be done, one whose purpose is action

Compound: kārya (to be done) + artha (purpose, object)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kārya+artha)

• kārya – to be done, duty, action, work
  noun (neuter)
  Gerundive (future passive participle)
  Derived from √kṛ (to do, make) + ṇyat suffix
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• artha – purpose, meaning, object, wealth
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to men who are engaged in activities.

मनुष्याणाम् (manuṣyāṇām) - among humans (of men, among humans)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of manuṣya

manuṣya - man, human being

Derived from manu (man) + ṣyañ suffix

नरर्षभ (nararṣabha) - O best among men (O best among men, O chief of men)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of nararṣabha

nararṣabha - best among men, chief of men

Compound: nara (man) + ṛṣabha (bull, chief, best)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+ṛṣabha)

• nara – man, person
  noun (masculine)
  Root: nṛ
• ṛṣabha – bull, chief, best, excellent
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ṛṣabh

विचेष्टन्तः (viceṣṭantaḥ) - striving, exerting themselves (striving, exerting, acting)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of viceṣṭat

viceṣṭat - striving, exerting, acting

Present Active Participle

Derived from vi-√ceṣṭ (to move, to stir, to exert oneself) + śatṛ suffix

Prefix: vi

Root: ceṣṭ (class 1)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects viceṣṭantaḥ and dṛśyante.

दृश्यन्ते (dṛśyante) - are seen, appear

(verb)

3rd person , plural, passive, present indicative (laṭ) of dṛś

Root: dṛś (class 1)

निवृत्ताः (nivṛttāḥ) - desisting, giving up (ceased, desisted, retired, turned back)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nivṛtta

nivṛtta - ceased, returned, desisted from

Past Passive Participle

Derived from ni-√vṛt (to turn back, to cease) + kta suffix

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects viceṣṭantaḥ and nivṛttāḥ.

तथा (tathā) - similarly (thus, so, in that way, similarly)

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed (only, just, indeed, precisely)

(indeclinable)

हि (hi) - indeed, surely (indeed, surely, for, because)

(indeclinable)