महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-10, chapter-2, verse-5

पर्जन्यः पर्वते वर्षन्किं नु साधयते फलम् ।
कृष्टे क्षेत्रे तथावर्षन्किं नु साधयते फलम् ॥५॥

5. parjanyaḥ parvate varṣankiṁ nu sādhayate phalam ,
kṛṣṭe kṣetre tathāvarṣankiṁ nu sādhayate phalam.

5. parjanyaḥ parvate varṣan kim nu sādhayate phalam
kṛṣṭe kṣetre tathā avarṣan kim nu sādhayate phalam

5. parjanyaḥ parvate varṣan kim nu phalam sādhayate?
tathā kṛṣṭe kṣetre avarṣan kim nu phalam sādhayate?

5. What fruit does the rain god (parjanya) achieve by raining on a mountain? And likewise, what fruit does it achieve by not raining on a cultivated field?

Words meanings summery:

• पर्जन्यः (parjanyaḥ) - the rain god (Indra) (the rain-cloud, the god of rain)

• पर्वते (parvate) - on the mountain, in the mountain

• वर्षन् (varṣan) - raining, showering

• किम् (kim) - what?

• नु (nu) - indeed, now, then (interrogative particle)

• साधयते (sādhayate) - causes to succeed, accomplishes, achieves

• फलम् (phalam) - fruit, result, reward

• कृष्टे (kṛṣṭe) - on a cultivated, ploughed

• क्षेत्रे (kṣetre) - in the field, on the field

• तथा (tathā) - likewise, similarly, thus

• अवर्षन् (avarṣan) - not raining, failing to rain

• किम् (kim) - what?

• नु (nu) - indeed, now, then (interrogative particle)

• साधयते (sādhayate) - causes to succeed, accomplishes, achieves

• फलम् (phalam) - fruit, result, reward

Words meanings and morphology

पर्जन्यः (parjanyaḥ) - the rain god (Indra) (the rain-cloud, the god of rain)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parjanya

parjanya - rain-cloud, rain, the god of rain and thunder

पर्वते (parvate) - on the mountain, in the mountain

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of parvata

parvata - mountain, hill

वर्षन् (varṣan) - raining, showering

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of varṣat

varṣat - raining, showering

Present Active Participle

Derived from root √vṛṣ, present active participle.

Root: vṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Used here as an adjective modifying 'parjanyaḥ'.

किम् (kim) - what?

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what?, why?, how?

Note: Here as an interrogative pronoun asking 'what fruit'.

नु (nu) - indeed, now, then (interrogative particle)

(indeclinable)

साधयते (sādhayate) - causes to succeed, accomplishes, achieves

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (lat) of sādh

Causative Present Middle Voice

From the causative stem of √sādh, 3rd person singular, present tense, middle voice.

Root: sādh (class 5)

फलम् (phalam) - fruit, result, reward

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of phala

phala - fruit, result, consequence, reward

कृष्टे (kṛṣṭe) - on a cultivated, ploughed

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of kṛṣṭa

kṛṣṭa - ploughed, cultivated, drawn

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √kṛṣ.

Root: kṛṣ (class 1)

क्षेत्रे (kṣetre) - in the field, on the field

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of kṣetra

kṣetra - field, land, region

तथा (tathā) - likewise, similarly, thus

(indeclinable)

अवर्षन् (avarṣan) - not raining, failing to rain

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of avarṣat

avarṣat - not raining, failing to rain

Negative Present Active Participle

Negative particle 'a-' prefixed to the present active participle of √vṛṣ.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+varṣat)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• varṣat – raining
  adjective
  Present Active Participle
  Derived from root √vṛṣ.
  Root: vṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'parjanyaḥ' (understood).

किम् (kim) - what?

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what?, why?, how?

Note: Here as an interrogative pronoun asking 'what fruit'.

नु (nu) - indeed, now, then (interrogative particle)

(indeclinable)

साधयते (sādhayate) - causes to succeed, accomplishes, achieves

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (lat) of sādh

Causative Present Middle Voice

From the causative stem of √sādh, 3rd person singular, present tense, middle voice.

Root: sādh (class 5)

फलम् (phalam) - fruit, result, reward

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of phala

phala - fruit, result, consequence, reward