महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-10, chapter-2, verse-21

सम्यगीहा पुनरियं यो वृद्धानुपसेवते ।
आपृच्छति च यच्छ्रेयः करोति च हितं वचः ॥२१॥

21. samyagīhā punariyaṁ yo vṛddhānupasevate ,
āpṛcchati ca yacchreyaḥ karoti ca hitaṁ vacaḥ.

21. samyak īhā punaḥ iyam yaḥ vṛddhān upasevate
āpṛcchati ca yat śreyaḥ karoti ca hitam vacaḥ

21. punaḥ iyam samyak īhā yaḥ vṛddhān upasevate
ca yat śreyaḥ āpṛcchati ca hitam vacaḥ karoti

21. This, moreover, is proper endeavor: the person who serves the elders, asks them about what is beneficial, and acts upon their wholesome advice.

Words meanings summery:

• सम्यक् (samyak) - properly, thoroughly, correctly, well

• ईहा (īhā) - endeavor, striving, effort, wish

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, moreover, but, further

• इयम् (iyam) - this, this one

• यः (yaḥ) - who, he who

• वृद्धान् (vṛddhān) - elders, old people, wise people

• उपसेवते (upasevate) - he serves, he attends, he honors

• आपृच्छति (āpṛcchati) - he asks, he inquires

• च (ca) - and, also

• यत् (yat) - which, what (neuter)

• श्रेयः (śreyaḥ) - what is beneficial, welfare, supreme good, better

• करोति (karoti) - he does, he makes, he acts

• च (ca) - and, also

• हितम् (hitam) - beneficial, wholesome, salutary

• वचः (vacaḥ) - word, speech, advice

Words meanings and morphology

सम्यक् (samyak) - properly, thoroughly, correctly, well

(indeclinable)

From sam (with) + añc (to bend, go).

Prefix: sam

Root: añc (class 1)

Note: Adverb.

ईहा (īhā) - endeavor, striving, effort, wish

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of īhā

īhā - endeavor, striving, effort, wish

From root īh (to strive).

Root: īh (class 1)

Note: Nominative singular feminine.

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, moreover, but, further

(indeclinable)

इयम् (iyam) - this, this one

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Nominative singular feminine.

यः (yaḥ) - who, he who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, who, what

Note: Nominative singular masculine of yad.

वृद्धान् (vṛddhān) - elders, old people, wise people

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of vṛddha

vṛddha - old, aged, grown, wise, elder

Past Passive Participle

From root vṛdh (to grow).

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Accusative plural of vṛddha.

उपसेवते (upasevate) - he serves, he attends, he honors

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of sev

present tense

upa (prefix) + sev (root) in present tense, ātmanepada ending.

Prefix: upa

Root: sev (class 1)

Note: 3rd person singular present middle.

आपृच्छति (āpṛcchati) - he asks, he inquires

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of pṛcch

present tense

ā (prefix) + pṛcch (root) in present tense.

Prefix: ā

Root: pṛch (class 6)

Note: 3rd person singular present active.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

यत् (yat) - which, what (neuter)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, who, what

Note: Accusative singular neuter of yad.

श्रेयः (śreyaḥ) - what is beneficial, welfare, supreme good, better

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śreyas

śreyas - better, superior, more excellent, welfare, good fortune

Comparative degree of śrī or praśasya.

Note: Accusative singular neuter.

करोति (karoti) - he does, he makes, he acts

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of kṛ

present tense

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: 3rd person singular present active.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

हितम् (hitam) - beneficial, wholesome, salutary

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of hita

hita - beneficial, wholesome, salutary, suitable, friendly

Past Passive Participle

From root dhā (to place, lay, put) with hi.

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Accusative singular neuter, modifying vacaḥ.

वचः (vacaḥ) - word, speech, advice

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacas

vacas - word, speech, saying, advice

From root vac (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Accusative singular neuter.