महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-41, verse-5

निराहारान्कृशान्दीनान्गर्तेऽऽर्तांस्त्राणमिच्छतः ।
उपसृत्य स तान्दीनान्दीनरूपोऽभ्यभाषत ॥५॥

5. nirāhārānkṛśāndīnāngarte''rtāṁstrāṇamicchataḥ ,
upasṛtya sa tāndīnāndīnarūpo'bhyabhāṣata.

5. nirāhārān kṛśān dīnān garte ārtān trāṇam icchataḥ
upasṛtya sa tān dīnān dīnarūpaḥ abhyabhāṣata

5. Having approached his ancestors—who were without food, emaciated, miserable, suffering in the pit, and desiring salvation—the sage, appearing himself distressed, spoke to those wretched ones.

Words meanings summery:

• निराहारान् (nirāhārān) - without food (without food, fasting)

• कृशान् (kṛśān) - emaciated (emaciated, lean, thin)

• दीनान् (dīnān) - miserable (miserable, distressed, sad)

• गर्ते (garte) - in the pit (in a pit, in a hole)

• आर्तान् (ārtān) - afflicted, suffering (afflicted, suffering, distressed)

• त्राणम् (trāṇam) - salvation (protection, salvation, rescue)

• इच्छतः (icchataḥ) - desiring (desiring, wishing)

• उपसृत्य (upasṛtya) - having approached (having approached, after approaching)

• स (sa) - he (he, that)

• तान् (tān) - them (them, those)

• दीनान् (dīnān) - miserable (miserable, distressed, sad)

• दीनरूपः (dīnarūpaḥ) - appearing himself distressed (having a distressed form, appearing miserable)

• अभ्यभाषत (abhyabhāṣata) - spoke to (spoke to, addressed)

Words meanings and morphology

निराहारान् (nirāhārān) - without food (without food, fasting)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of nirāhāra

nirāhāra - without food, fasting

bahuvrihi compound: nis (without) + āhāra (food)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nis+āhāra)

• nis – without, out, away
  indeclinable
• āhāra – food, diet, taking
  noun (masculine)
  action noun
  from root hṛ with prefix ā-
  Prefix: ā
  Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: agrees with pitṝn / tān

कृशान् (kṛśān) - emaciated (emaciated, lean, thin)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of kṛśa

kṛśa - lean, thin, emaciated, weak

Note: agrees with pitṝn / tān

दीनान् (dīnān) - miserable (miserable, distressed, sad)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of dīna

dīna - distressed, miserable, sad, wretched

past participle

from root dai/dī (to be sorrowful)

Root: dī (class 4)

Note: agrees with pitṝn / tān

गर्ते (garte) - in the pit (in a pit, in a hole)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of garta

garta - pit, hole, cavity

आर्तान् (ārtān) - afflicted, suffering (afflicted, suffering, distressed)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of ārta

ārta - afflicted, distressed, suffering, pained

past participle

from root ṛ (to go, move, arise, suffer)

Root: ṛ (class 1)

Note: agrees with pitṝn / tān

त्राणम् (trāṇam) - salvation (protection, salvation, rescue)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of trāṇa

trāṇa - protection, rescue, salvation, asylum

action noun

from root trā (to protect)

Root: trā (class 2)

Note: object of icchataḥ

इच्छतः (icchataḥ) - desiring (desiring, wishing)

(nominal form)

Accusative, masculine, plural of iṣ

iṣ - to wish, desire, seek

Root: iṣ (class 6)

Note: agrees with pitṝn / tān

उपसृत्य (upasṛtya) - having approached (having approached, after approaching)

(indeclinable)

Prefix: upa

Root: sṛ (class 1)

Note: modifies abhyabhāṣata

स (sa) - he (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: correlates with muniḥ

तान् (tān) - them (them, those)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: object of abhyabhāṣata

दीनान् (dīnān) - miserable (miserable, distressed, sad)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of dīna

dīna - distressed, miserable, sad, wretched

past participle

from root dai/dī (to be sorrowful)

Root: dī (class 4)

Note: agrees with pitṝn / tān

दीनरूपः (dīnarūpaḥ) - appearing himself distressed (having a distressed form, appearing miserable)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dīnarūpa

dīnarūpa - having a wretched appearance, appearing miserable

bahuvrihi compound: dīna (miserable) + rūpa (form/appearance)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dīna+rūpa)

• dīna – distressed, miserable, sad, wretched
  adjective
  past participle
  from root dai/dī (to be sorrowful)
  Root: dī (class 4)
• rūpa – form, appearance, shape, beauty
  noun (neuter)

Note: agrees with sa

अभ्यभाषत (abhyabhāṣata) - spoke to (spoke to, addressed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of bhāṣ

Prefix: abhi

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)

Note: ātmanepada form