महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-41, verse-15

ऋद्धो भवान्महाभागो यो नः शोच्यान्सुदुःखितान् ।
शोचस्युपेत्य कारुण्याच्छृणु ये वै वयं द्विज ॥१५॥

15. ṛddho bhavānmahābhāgo yo naḥ śocyānsuduḥkhitān ,
śocasyupetya kāruṇyācchṛṇu ye vai vayaṁ dvija.

15. ṛddhaḥ bhavān mahābhāgaḥ yaḥ naḥ śocyān suduḥkhitān
śocasi upetya kāruṇyāt śṛṇu ye vai vayam dvija

15. You are blessed and greatly fortunate, who pities us, the pitiable and greatly distressed, having approached us out of compassion. O Dvija, listen to who we truly are.

Words meanings summery:

• ऋद्धः (ṛddhaḥ) - blessed, distinguished (prosperous, successful, flourishing, blessed)

• भवान् (bhavān) - you (respectful address to the listener, Bhārgava) (you (respectful), being)

• महाभागः (mahābhāgaḥ) - O greatly fortunate one (greatly fortunate, highly auspicious, noble)

• यः (yaḥ) - who (referring to `bhavān`) (who, which)

• नः (naḥ) - us (the ancestors) (us, to us)

• शोच्यान् (śocyān) - pitiable (pitiable, to be grieved for)

• सुदुःखितान् (suduḥkhitān) - greatly distressed (greatly distressed, very miserable)

• शोचसि (śocasi) - you (the protagonist) pity/grieve (you grieve, you lament, you pity)

• उपेत्य (upetya) - having approached (us) (having approached, having gone near)

• कारुण्यात् (kāruṇyāt) - out of compassion (out of compassion, due to pity)

• शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen! (listen!, hear!)

• ये (ye) - who (we are) (who, which)

• वै (vai) - truly, indeed (indeed, certainly (emphatic particle))

• वयम् (vayam) - we (the ancestors) (we)

• द्विज (dvija) - O Brāhmaṇa (O twice-born, O Brāhmaṇa)

Words meanings and morphology

ऋद्धः (ṛddhaḥ) - blessed, distinguished (prosperous, successful, flourishing, blessed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ṛddha

ṛddha - prosperous, thriving, full, rich, successful, blessed

past passive participle

from root `ṛdh` (to prosper, grow)

Root: ṛdh (class 4)

Note: Qualifies `bhavān`

भवान् (bhavān) - you (respectful address to the listener, Bhārgava) (you (respectful), being)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhavat

bhavat - being, existing, you (respectful pronoun)

present participle

from root `bhū` (to be)

Root: bhū (class 1)

महाभागः (mahābhāgaḥ) - O greatly fortunate one (greatly fortunate, highly auspicious, noble)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahābhāga

mahābhāga - greatly fortunate, highly auspicious, noble, exalted

`mahā` (great) + `bhāga` (fortune, share)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahat+bhāga)

• mahat – great, large, mighty
  adjective (masculine)
• bhāga – share, portion, fortune, destiny
  noun (masculine)
  from root `bhaj` (to divide, obtain)
  Root: bhaj (class 1)

Note: Qualifies `bhavān`

यः (yaḥ) - who (referring to `bhavān`) (who, which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what, that

नः (naḥ) - us (the ancestors) (us, to us)

(pronoun)

Accusative, plural of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Object of `śocasi`

शोच्यान् (śocyān) - pitiable (pitiable, to be grieved for)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of śocya

śocya - lamentable, pitiable, to be grieved for

gerundive / potential passive participle

from root `śuc` (to grieve, lament)

Root: śuc (class 1)

Note: Qualifies the implied subject of `naḥ`

सुदुःखितान् (suduḥkhitān) - greatly distressed (greatly distressed, very miserable)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of suduḥkhita

suduḥkhita - very distressed, extremely miserable

`su` (very) + `duḥkhita` (distressed)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+duḥkhita)

• su – good, well, very
  indeclinable
• duḥkhita – distressed, grieved, miserable
  adjective (masculine)
  past passive participle
  from root `duḥkh` (to suffer)
  Root: duḥkh (class 10)

Note: Qualifies the implied subject of `naḥ`

शोचसि (śocasi) - you (the protagonist) pity/grieve (you grieve, you lament, you pity)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of śuc

Root: śuc (class 1)

Note: Subject is `bhavān` / `yaḥ`

उपेत्य (upetya) - having approached (us) (having approached, having gone near)

(indeclinable)

gerund / absolutive

from root `i` (to go) with prefix `upa` and suffix `lyaP`

Prefix: upa

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Indicates action preceding `śocasi`

कारुण्यात् (kāruṇyāt) - out of compassion (out of compassion, due to pity)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of kāruṇya

kāruṇya - compassion, pity, mercy

from `karuṇā` (compassion)

Note: Indicates cause

शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen! (listen!, hear!)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of śru

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Direct command to the protagonist

ये (ye) - who (we are) (who, which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which, what, that

Note: Agrees with `vayam`

वै (vai) - truly, indeed (indeed, certainly (emphatic particle))

(indeclinable)

वयम् (vayam) - we (the ancestors) (we)

(pronoun)

Nominative, plural of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Subject of implied `smah` (are)

द्विज (dvija) - O Brāhmaṇa (O twice-born, O Brāhmaṇa)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of dvija

dvija - twice-born (brāhmaṇa, kṣatriya, vaiśya), a bird, a tooth

`dvi` (twice) + `ja` (born)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dvi+ja)

• dvi – two, twice
  numeral
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun
  from root `jan` (to be born)
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Refers to the protagonist