महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-41, verse-1

सूत उवाच ।
एतस्मिन्नेव काले तु जरत्कारुर्महातपाः ।
चचार पृथिवीं कृत्स्नां यत्रसायंगृहो मुनिः ॥१॥

1. sūta uvāca ,
etasminneva kāle tu jaratkārurmahātapāḥ ,
cacāra pṛthivīṁ kṛtsnāṁ yatrasāyaṁgṛho muniḥ.

1. sūtaḥ uvāca etasmin eva kāle tu jaratkāruḥ mahātapāḥ
cacāra pṛthivīm kṛtsnām yatrasāyaṃgṛhaḥ muniḥ

1. Suta said: 'At that very time, the greatly ascetic (tapasvin) Jaratkaru, a sage who made his home wherever evening found him, wandered over the entire earth.'

Words meanings summery:

• सूतः (sūtaḥ) - The narrator, Suta, who is relating the story. (Suta (the narrator), charioteer, bard)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• एतस्मिन् (etasmin) - At this particular time. (in this, at this)

• एव (eva) - indeed, just, only, exactly

• काले (kāle) - in time, at the time

• तु (tu) - but, however, on the other hand

• जरत्कारुः (jaratkāruḥ) - The sage Jaratkaru, known for his asceticism and specific lineage. (Jaratkaru (name of a sage))

• महातपाः (mahātapāḥ) - Emphasizes Jaratkaru's intense practice of (tapas). (of great asceticism, greatly ascetic, possessing great (tapas))

• चचार (cacāra) - roamed, wandered, moved about

• पृथिवीम् (pṛthivīm) - the earth

• कृत्स्नाम् (kṛtsnām) - entire, whole, complete

• यत्रसायंगृहः (yatrasāyaṁgṛhaḥ) - Describes the sage's ascetic practice of not having a permanent dwelling. (whose home is wherever evening (falls))

• मुनिः (muniḥ) - Refers to Jaratkaru as a sage. (sage, ascetic, recluse)

Words meanings and morphology

सूतः (sūtaḥ) - The narrator, Suta, who is relating the story. (Suta (the narrator), charioteer, bard)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sūta

sūta - charioteer, bard, herald, narrator (especially of Puranas)

From √sū (to impel, to give birth, to produce).

Root: sū (class 2)

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Lit) of vac

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice

From √vac (to speak). Irregular perfect form.

Root: vac (class 2)

एतस्मिन् (etasmin) - At this particular time. (in this, at this)

(pronoun)

Locative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Agrees with 'kāle'.

एव (eva) - indeed, just, only, exactly

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes 'kāle'.

काले (kāle) - in time, at the time

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, season, period, proper time

तु (tu) - but, however, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

जरत्कारुः (jaratkāruḥ) - The sage Jaratkaru, known for his asceticism and specific lineage. (Jaratkaru (name of a sage))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jaratkāru

jaratkāru - Jaratkaru (name of a sage, husband of the Nāga princess Manasā)

'Jarat' (old, aged) + 'kāru' (making, doer).

Note: Subject of 'cacāra'.

महातपाः (mahātapāḥ) - Emphasizes Jaratkaru's intense practice of (tapas). (of great asceticism, greatly ascetic, possessing great (tapas))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahātapas

mahātapas - greatly ascetic, possessing great austerities/penance (tapas)

Bahuvrihi compound 'mahā' (great) + 'tapas' (austerity, penance).

Compound type : Bahuvrihi (mahā+tapas)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• tapas – asceticism, penance, heat, spiritual fervor
  noun (neuter)
  From √tap (to heat, to perform austerity).
  Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'jaratkāruḥ' and 'muniḥ'.

चचार (cacāra) - roamed, wandered, moved about

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Lit) of car

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice

From √car (to move, wander). Reduplicated perfect.

Root: car (class 1)

पृथिवीम् (pṛthivīm) - the earth

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of pṛthivī

pṛthivī - earth, ground, world

From 'pṛthu' (broad, wide) + feminine suffix.

Root: pṛth (class 6)

कृत्स्नाम् (kṛtsnām) - entire, whole, complete

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kṛtsna

kṛtsna - entire, whole, complete, all

यत्रसायंगृहः (yatrasāyaṁgṛhaḥ) - Describes the sage's ascetic practice of not having a permanent dwelling. (whose home is wherever evening (falls))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yatrasāyaṃgṛha

yatrasāyaṁgṛha - one whose home is wherever evening finds him, one who rests where the evening overtakes him

Bahuvrihi compound 'yatra' (where) + 'sāyam' (evening) + 'gṛha' (home).

Compound type : Bahuvrihi (yatra+sāyam+gṛha)

• yatra – where, in which place
  indeclinable
• sāyam – evening, at evening
  indeclinable
• gṛha – house, home, dwelling
  noun (masculine)
  Root: gṛh (class 9)

Note: Agrees with 'muniḥ'.

मुनिः (muniḥ) - Refers to Jaratkaru as a sage. (sage, ascetic, recluse)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of muni

muni - sage, ascetic, saint, inspired one, silent one

From √man (to think) with 'uṇ' suffix.

Root: man (class 4)

Note: Appositional to 'jaratkāruḥ'.