महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-41, verse-12

पितर ऊचुः ।
ऋद्धो भवान्ब्रह्मचारी यो नस्त्रातुमिहेच्छति ।
न तु विप्राग्र्य तपसा शक्यमेतद्व्यपोहितुम् ॥१२॥

12. pitara ūcuḥ ,
ṛddho bhavānbrahmacārī yo nastrātumihecchati ,
na tu viprāgrya tapasā śakyametadvyapohitum.

12. pitaraḥ ūcuḥ ṛddhaḥ bhavān brahmacārī yaḥ naḥ trātum iha
icchati na tu viprāgrya tapasā śakyam etat vyapohitum

12. The ancestors said: "You are blessed, a brahmacārī, who desires to save us here. But, O foremost among brāhmaṇas, it is not possible to avert this (fate) through asceticism alone."

Words meanings summery:

• पितरः (pitaraḥ) - ancestors (the speaker) (fathers, ancestors)

• ऊचुः (ūcuḥ) - they (the ancestors) said (they said, they spoke)

• ऋद्धः (ṛddhaḥ) - blessed, distinguished (prosperous, successful, flourishing, blessed)

• भवान् (bhavān) - you (respectful address to the listener, Bhārgava) (you (respectful), being)

• ब्रह्मचारी (brahmacārī) - a celibate religious student (referring to the protagonist) (a student living a celibate life, one who practices brahmacarya)

• यः (yaḥ) - who (referring to `bhavān`) (who, which)

• नः (naḥ) - us (referring to the ancestors) (us, to us, our)

• त्रातुम् (trātum) - to save (to save, to protect)

• इह (iha) - here (in this situation) (here, in this world)

• इच्छति (icchati) - he (you) desires (he desires, wishes)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• तु (tu) - but (but, on the other hand, indeed)

• विप्राग्र्य (viprāgrya) - O foremost among brāhmaṇas (vocative address to the protagonist) (O foremost among brāhmaṇas)

• तपसा (tapasā) - by (means of) asceticism (by asceticism, by penance)

• शक्यम् (śakyam) - it is possible (possible, capable)

• एतत् (etat) - this (referring to the ancestors' suffering/state) (this)

• व्यपोहितुम् (vyapohitum) - to avert, to remove (to remove, to avert, to discard)

Words meanings and morphology

पितरः (pitaraḥ) - ancestors (the speaker) (fathers, ancestors)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pitṛ

pitṛ - father, ancestor, progenitor

ऊचुः (ūcuḥ) - they (the ancestors) said (they said, they spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Irregular formation from root `vac`

ऋद्धः (ṛddhaḥ) - blessed, distinguished (prosperous, successful, flourishing, blessed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ṛddha

ṛddha - prosperous, thriving, full, rich, successful, blessed

past passive participle

from root `ṛdh` (to prosper, grow)

Root: ṛdh (class 4)

Note: Qualifies `bhavān`

भवान् (bhavān) - you (respectful address to the listener, Bhārgava) (you (respectful), being)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhavat

bhavat - being, existing, you (respectful pronoun)

present participle

from root `bhū` (to be)

Root: bhū (class 1)

ब्रह्मचारी (brahmacārī) - a celibate religious student (referring to the protagonist) (a student living a celibate life, one who practices brahmacarya)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of brahmacārin

brahmacārin - a student of the Veda, one observing religious chastity, a celibate

`brahma` (Veda/sacred knowledge) + `cārin` (practitioner, follower)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (brahman+cārin)

• brahman – sacred word, Veda, Brahman (the Absolute), holy life
  noun (neuter)
• cārin – moving, going, practicing, following
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun
  from root `car` with suffix `ṇin`
  Root: car (class 1)

यः (yaḥ) - who (referring to `bhavān`) (who, which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what, that

नः (naḥ) - us (referring to the ancestors) (us, to us, our)

(pronoun)

Accusative, plural of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Object of `trātum`

त्रातुम् (trātum) - to save (to save, to protect)

(verb)

infinitive (tumun) of trā

infinitive

from root `trā` with suffix `tumun`

Root: trā (class 2)

इह (iha) - here (in this situation) (here, in this world)

(indeclinable)

इच्छति (icchati) - he (you) desires (he desires, wishes)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of iṣ

Root: iṣ (class 6)

Note: Grammatically `yaḥ` is 3rd person, referring to `bhavān` (which is respectfully used for 2nd person)

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

तु (tu) - but (but, on the other hand, indeed)

(indeclinable)

विप्राग्र्य (viprāgrya) - O foremost among brāhmaṇas (vocative address to the protagonist) (O foremost among brāhmaṇas)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of viprāgrya

viprāgrya - chief of brāhmaṇas, excellent brāhmaṇa

`vipra` (brāhmaṇa) + `agrya` (foremost)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vipra+agrya)

• vipra – inspired, wise, a brāhmaṇa
  noun (masculine)
• agrya – foremost, chief, excellent
  adjective (masculine)

तपसा (tapasā) - by (means of) asceticism (by asceticism, by penance)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - heat, penance, asceticism, religious austerity

Root: tap (class 1)

शक्यम् (śakyam) - it is possible (possible, capable)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śakya

śakya - possible, practicable, capable, able

gerundive / potential passive participle

from root `śak` with suffix `ya`

Root: śak (class 5)

एतत् (etat) - this (referring to the ancestors' suffering/state) (this)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, that

Note: Refers to the situation described by the ancestors

व्यपोहितुम् (vyapohitum) - to avert, to remove (to remove, to avert, to discard)

(verb)

infinitive (tumun) of vyapoh

infinitive

from root `ūh` (to push, move) with prefixes `vi` and `apa`

Prefixes: vi+apa

Root: ūh (class 1)