महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-41, verse-3

वायुभक्षो निराहारः शुष्यन्नहरहर्मुनिः ।
स ददर्श पितॄन्गर्ते लम्बमानानधोमुखान् ॥३॥

3. vāyubhakṣo nirāhāraḥ śuṣyannaharaharmuniḥ ,
sa dadarśa pitṝngarte lambamānānadhomukhān.

3. vāyubhakṣaḥ nirāhāraḥ śuṣyan aharahar muniḥ
sa dadarśa pitṝn garte lambamānān adhomukhān

3. The sage, subsisting on air, without food, and becoming emaciated day by day, saw his ancestors in a pit, hanging head downwards.

Words meanings summery:

• वायुभक्षः (vāyubhakṣaḥ) - subsisting on air (one who subsists on air)

• निराहारः (nirāhāraḥ) - without food, fasting (without food, fasting, abstaining from food)

• शुष्यन् (śuṣyan) - becoming emaciated (drying up, becoming thin, emaciated)

• अहरहर् (aharahar) - day by day (day by day, every day)

• मुनिः (muniḥ) - the sage (sage, ascetic, hermit)

• स (sa) - he (he, that)

• ददर्श (dadarśa) - saw (saw, beheld)

• पितॄन् (pitṝn) - his ancestors (ancestors, fathers)

• गर्ते (garte) - in a pit (in a pit, in a hole)

• लम्बमानान् (lambamānān) - hanging down (hanging, dangling, suspended)

• अधोमुखान् (adhomukhān) - head downwards (face downwards, head downwards)

Words meanings and morphology

वायुभक्षः (vāyubhakṣaḥ) - subsisting on air (one who subsists on air)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vāyubhakṣa

vāyubhakṣa - one who lives on air

bahuvrihi compound: vāyu (air) + bhakṣa (eating)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vāyu+bhakṣa)

• vāyu – wind, air, vital breath
  noun (masculine)
• bhakṣa – eating, food, devourer
  noun (masculine)
  action noun
  from root bhakṣ (to eat)
  Root: bhakṣ (class 1)

Note: qualifies muniḥ

निराहारः (nirāhāraḥ) - without food, fasting (without food, fasting, abstaining from food)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nirāhāra

nirāhāra - without food, fasting

bahuvrihi compound: nis (without) + āhāra (food)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nis+āhāra)

• nis – without, out, away
  indeclinable
• āhāra – food, diet, taking
  noun (masculine)
  action noun
  from root hṛ with prefix ā-
  Prefix: ā
  Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: qualifies muniḥ

शुष्यन् (śuṣyan) - becoming emaciated (drying up, becoming thin, emaciated)

(nominal form)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śuṣ

śuṣ - to dry, wither, become emaciated

Root: śuṣ (class 4)

Note: qualifies muniḥ

अहरहर् (aharahar) - day by day (day by day, every day)

(indeclinable)

reduplicative compound of ahan (day)

Note: adverbial

मुनिः (muniḥ) - the sage (sage, ascetic, hermit)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of muni

muni - sage, ascetic, seer, saint

Note: subject of dadarśa

स (sa) - he (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: correlates with muniḥ

ददर्श (dadarśa) - saw (saw, beheld)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of dṛś

Root: dṛś (class 1)

पितॄन् (pitṝn) - his ancestors (ancestors, fathers)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pitṛ

pitṛ - father, ancestor

Note: object of dadarśa

गर्ते (garte) - in a pit (in a pit, in a hole)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of garta

garta - pit, hole, cavity

लम्बमानान् (lambamānān) - hanging down (hanging, dangling, suspended)

(nominal form)

Accusative, masculine, plural of lambamāna

lambamāna - hanging, suspended, dangling

present participle

ātmanepada from root lamb

Root: lamb (class 1)

Note: agrees with pitṝn

अधोमुखान् (adhomukhān) - head downwards (face downwards, head downwards)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of adhomukha

adhomukha - face downwards, hanging down

tatpurusha or karmadhāraya compound: adhas (downwards) + mukha (face)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (adhas+mukha)

• adhas – down, below, downwards
  indeclinable
• mukha – mouth, face, front
  noun (neuter)

Note: agrees with pitṝn