महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-41, verse-9

ततो मे दुःखमुत्पन्नं दृष्ट्वा युष्मानधोमुखान् ।
कृच्छ्रामापदमापन्नान्प्रियं किं करवाणि वः ॥९॥

9. tato me duḥkhamutpannaṁ dṛṣṭvā yuṣmānadhomukhān ,
kṛcchrāmāpadamāpannānpriyaṁ kiṁ karavāṇi vaḥ.

9. tataḥ me duḥkham utpannam dṛṣṭvā yuṣmān adhomukhān
kṛcchrām āpadam āpannān priyam kim karavāṇi vaḥ

9. Seeing you fallen headlong into a grievous calamity, sorrow has arisen in me. What good thing can I do for you now?

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, therefore)

• मे (me) - in me (to me, for me, my)

• दुःखम् (duḥkham) - sorrow (sorrow, pain, unhappiness)

• उत्पन्नम् (utpannam) - arisen (arisen, produced)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• युष्मान् (yuṣmān) - you (the audience) (you (plural, accusative))

• अधोमुखान् (adhomukhān) - headlong (face downwards, headlong (accusative plural))

• कृच्छ्राम् (kṛcchrām) - grievous (difficult, grievous (feminine accusative singular))

• आपदम् (āpadam) - calamity (calamity, distress, misfortune)

• आपन्नान् (āpannān) - fallen into (fallen into, attained, obtained (accusative plural masculine))

• प्रियम् (priyam) - good thing, desirable thing (dear, beloved, agreeable (neuter))

• किम् (kim) - what? (what? which? why?)

• करवाणि (karavāṇi) - shall I do?

• वः (vaḥ) - for you (to you, for you, your (plural))

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, therefore)

(indeclinable)

मे (me) - in me (to me, for me, my)

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me (1st person pronoun)

Note: Used here as dative of interest.

दुःखम् (duḥkham) - sorrow (sorrow, pain, unhappiness)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - pain, suffering, sorrow, misery, unhappiness

Note: Subject of utpannam.

उत्पन्नम् (utpannam) - arisen (arisen, produced)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of utpanna

utpanna - produced, born, arisen, happened, existing

past passive participle

from ut-√pad 'to arise, be produced'

Prefix: ut

Root: pad (class 4)

Note: Agrees with duḥkham.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

gerund/absolutive

from root dṛś + -tvā suffix

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Connects to the main verb's agent (implied 'I').

युष्मान् (yuṣmān) - you (the audience) (you (plural, accusative))

(pronoun)

Accusative, plural of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (2nd person pronoun)

Note: Object of dṛṣṭvā.

अधोमुखान् (adhomukhān) - headlong (face downwards, headlong (accusative plural))

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of adhomukha

adhomukha - facing downwards, headlong, having the mouth downwards

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (adhas+mukha)

• adhas – downwards, below, underneath
  indeclinable
• mukha – mouth, face, opening, front
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with yuṣmān.

कृच्छ्राम् (kṛcchrām) - grievous (difficult, grievous (feminine accusative singular))

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kṛcchra

kṛcchra - difficult, hard, painful, grievous, distress

Note: Agrees with āpadam.

आपदम् (āpadam) - calamity (calamity, distress, misfortune)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of āpad

āpad - calamity, misfortune, distress, adversity, danger

from ā-√pad 'to come to, befall'

Prefix: ā

Root: pad (class 4)

Note: Object of āpannān.

आपन्नान् (āpannān) - fallen into (fallen into, attained, obtained (accusative plural masculine))

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of āpanna

āpanna - obtained, gained, afflicted with, fallen into, undergone

past passive participle

from ā-√pad 'to come to, befall'

Prefix: ā

Root: pad (class 4)

Note: Modifies yuṣmān.

प्रियम् (priyam) - good thing, desirable thing (dear, beloved, agreeable (neuter))

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of priya

priya - dear, beloved, agreeable, pleasing, desired, favorite

Note: Object of karavāṇi.

किम् (kim) - what? (what? which? why?)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - who?, what?, which?, why? (interrogative pronoun/adjective/adverb)

Note: Direct object of karavāṇi.

करवाणि (karavāṇi) - shall I do?

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of √kṛ

Root: kṛ (class 8)

वः (vaḥ) - for you (to you, for you, your (plural))

(pronoun)

Dative, plural of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (2nd person pronoun)

Note: Here dative (for you).