महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-41, verse-13

अस्ति नस्तात तपसः फलं प्रवदतां वर ।
संतानप्रक्षयाद्ब्रह्मन्पतामो निरयेऽशुचौ ॥१३॥

13. asti nastāta tapasaḥ phalaṁ pravadatāṁ vara ,
saṁtānaprakṣayādbrahmanpatāmo niraye'śucau.

13. asti naḥ tāta tapasaḥ phalam pravadatām vara
santānaprakṣayāt brahman patāmaḥ niraye aśucau

13. O dear son, best among those who speak (of sacred lore), we do have the fruits of our asceticism. But, O Brāhmaṇa, due to the cessation of our progeny, we are falling into an impure hell.

13. בני היקר, הו מצטיין שבדוברים, גם לנו יש פרי של תרגול רוחני, אך מפני שהשושלת נכחדת, הו בְּרַהְמִין, אנו נופלים אל גיהינום טמא.

Words meanings summery:

• अस्ति (asti) - there is, exists (is, exists)

• नः (naḥ) - for us (to us, for us, our)

• तात (tāta) - dear son (affectionate address) (dear father, dear son)

• तपसः (tapasaḥ) - of asceticism (of asceticism, of penance)

• फलम् (phalam) - the fruit, the benefit (fruit, result, consequence)

• प्रवदताम् (pravadatām) - of those who speak (of sacred knowledge or matters) (of those who speak, of speakers)

• वर (vara) - O best one (best, excellent, boon)

• सन्तानप्रक्षयात् (santānaprakṣayāt) - due to the cessation of our lineage/progeny (due to the destruction of progeny)

• ब्रह्मन् (brahman) - O Brāhmaṇa (vocative address to the protagonist) (O Brāhmaṇa)

• पतामः (patāmaḥ) - we are falling (we fall)

• निरये (niraye) - into hell (a lower realm of suffering) (in hell, into hell)

• अशुचौ (aśucau) - in an impure (hell) (in an impure, in an unclean)

Words meanings and morphology

अस्ति (asti) - there is, exists (is, exists)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

नः (naḥ) - for us (to us, for us, our)

(pronoun)

Dative, plural of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Dative of possession/interest

तात (tāta) - dear son (affectionate address) (dear father, dear son)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of tāta

tāta - father, son, an affectionate term of address

तपसः (tapasaḥ) - of asceticism (of asceticism, of penance)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - heat, penance, asceticism, religious austerity

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Relates to `phalam`

फलम् (phalam) - the fruit, the benefit (fruit, result, consequence)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of phala

phala - fruit, result, advantage, reward, consequence

Root: phal (class 1)

Note: Subject of `asti`

प्रवदताम् (pravadatām) - of those who speak (of sacred knowledge or matters) (of those who speak, of speakers)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of pravadat

pravadat - speaking, declaring, teaching

present participle

from root `vad` (to speak) with prefix `pra`

Prefix: pra

Root: vad (class 1)

Note: Qualifies an implied noun, e.g., `janānām` (of people)

वर (vara) - O best one (best, excellent, boon)

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of vara

vara - best, excellent, chief, a boon, a choice

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Refers to the protagonist, `bhavān`

सन्तानप्रक्षयात् (santānaprakṣayāt) - due to the cessation of our lineage/progeny (due to the destruction of progeny)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of santānaprakṣaya

santānaprakṣaya - destruction of offspring, loss of continuity of progeny

`santāna` (progeny) + `prakṣaya` (destruction)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (santāna+prakṣaya)

• santāna – continuation, lineage, progeny, offspring
  noun (masculine)
  action noun
  from root `tan` (to stretch) with prefix `sam`
  Prefix: sam
  Root: tan (class 8)
• prakṣaya – destruction, loss, decay
  noun (masculine)
  action noun
  from root `kṣi` (to destroy) with prefix `pra`
  Prefix: pra
  Root: kṣi (class 5)

Note: Indicates cause

ब्रह्मन् (brahman) - O Brāhmaṇa (vocative address to the protagonist) (O Brāhmaṇa)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of brahman

brahman - a brāhmaṇa, the sacred word, the Absolute

Note: Refers to the protagonist

पतामः (patāmaḥ) - we are falling (we fall)

(verb)

1st person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of pat

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: The subject `vayam` (we) is implied

निरये (niraye) - into hell (a lower realm of suffering) (in hell, into hell)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of niraya

niraya - hell, a lower world, place of torment

`ni` (down) + root `i` (to go)

Root: i (class 2)

अशुचौ (aśucau) - in an impure (hell) (in an impure, in an unclean)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of aśuci

aśuci - impure, unclean, unholy

negative prefix `a` + `śuci` (pure)

Compound type : nan-tatpuruṣa (a+śuci)

• a – not, un-, without
  indeclinable
• śuci – pure, clean, bright, holy
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: śuc (class 1)

Note: Qualifies `niraye`

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