महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-41, verse-13

अस्ति नस्तात तपसः फलं प्रवदतां वर ।
संतानप्रक्षयाद्ब्रह्मन्पतामो निरयेऽशुचौ ॥१३॥

13. asti nastāta tapasaḥ phalaṁ pravadatāṁ vara ,
saṁtānaprakṣayādbrahmanpatāmo niraye'śucau.

13. asti naḥ tāta tapasaḥ phalam pravadatām vara
santānaprakṣayāt brahman patāmaḥ niraye aśucau

13. O dear son, best among those who speak (of sacred lore), we do have the fruits of our asceticism. But, O Brāhmaṇa, due to the cessation of our progeny, we are falling into an impure hell.

Words meanings summery:

• अस्ति (asti) - there is, exists (is, exists)

• नः (naḥ) - for us (to us, for us, our)

• तात (tāta) - dear son (affectionate address) (dear father, dear son)

• तपसः (tapasaḥ) - of asceticism (of asceticism, of penance)

• फलम् (phalam) - the fruit, the benefit (fruit, result, consequence)

• प्रवदताम् (pravadatām) - of those who speak (of sacred knowledge or matters) (of those who speak, of speakers)

• वर (vara) - O best one (best, excellent, boon)

• सन्तानप्रक्षयात् (santānaprakṣayāt) - due to the cessation of our lineage/progeny (due to the destruction of progeny)

• ब्रह्मन् (brahman) - O Brāhmaṇa (vocative address to the protagonist) (O Brāhmaṇa)

• पतामः (patāmaḥ) - we are falling (we fall)

• निरये (niraye) - into hell (a lower realm of suffering) (in hell, into hell)

• अशुचौ (aśucau) - in an impure (hell) (in an impure, in an unclean)

Words meanings and morphology

अस्ति (asti) - there is, exists (is, exists)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

नः (naḥ) - for us (to us, for us, our)

(pronoun)

Dative, plural of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Dative of possession/interest

तात (tāta) - dear son (affectionate address) (dear father, dear son)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of tāta

tāta - father, son, an affectionate term of address

तपसः (tapasaḥ) - of asceticism (of asceticism, of penance)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - heat, penance, asceticism, religious austerity

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Relates to `phalam`

फलम् (phalam) - the fruit, the benefit (fruit, result, consequence)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of phala

phala - fruit, result, advantage, reward, consequence

Root: phal (class 1)

Note: Subject of `asti`

प्रवदताम् (pravadatām) - of those who speak (of sacred knowledge or matters) (of those who speak, of speakers)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of pravadat

pravadat - speaking, declaring, teaching

present participle

from root `vad` (to speak) with prefix `pra`

Prefix: pra

Root: vad (class 1)

Note: Qualifies an implied noun, e.g., `janānām` (of people)

वर (vara) - O best one (best, excellent, boon)

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of vara

vara - best, excellent, chief, a boon, a choice

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Refers to the protagonist, `bhavān`

सन्तानप्रक्षयात् (santānaprakṣayāt) - due to the cessation of our lineage/progeny (due to the destruction of progeny)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of santānaprakṣaya

santānaprakṣaya - destruction of offspring, loss of continuity of progeny

`santāna` (progeny) + `prakṣaya` (destruction)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (santāna+prakṣaya)

• santāna – continuation, lineage, progeny, offspring
  noun (masculine)
  action noun
  from root `tan` (to stretch) with prefix `sam`
  Prefix: sam
  Root: tan (class 8)
• prakṣaya – destruction, loss, decay
  noun (masculine)
  action noun
  from root `kṣi` (to destroy) with prefix `pra`
  Prefix: pra
  Root: kṣi (class 5)

Note: Indicates cause

ब्रह्मन् (brahman) - O Brāhmaṇa (vocative address to the protagonist) (O Brāhmaṇa)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of brahman

brahman - a brāhmaṇa, the sacred word, the Absolute

Note: Refers to the protagonist

पतामः (patāmaḥ) - we are falling (we fall)

(verb)

1st person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of pat

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: The subject `vayam` (we) is implied

निरये (niraye) - into hell (a lower realm of suffering) (in hell, into hell)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of niraya

niraya - hell, a lower world, place of torment

`ni` (down) + root `i` (to go)

Root: i (class 2)

अशुचौ (aśucau) - in an impure (hell) (in an impure, in an unclean)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of aśuci

aśuci - impure, unclean, unholy

negative prefix `a` + `śuci` (pure)

Compound type : nan-tatpuruṣa (a+śuci)

• a – not, un-, without
  indeclinable
• śuci – pure, clean, bright, holy
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: śuc (class 1)

Note: Qualifies `niraye`