महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-37, verse-4

शृङ्ग्युवाच ।
किं मे पित्रा कृतं तस्य राज्ञोऽनिष्टं दुरात्मनः ।
ब्रूहि त्वं कृश तत्त्वेन पश्य मे तपसो बलम् ॥४॥

4. śṛṅgyuvāca ,
kiṁ me pitrā kṛtaṁ tasya rājño'niṣṭaṁ durātmanaḥ ,
brūhi tvaṁ kṛśa tattvena paśya me tapaso balam.

4. śṛṅgiḥ uvāca kim me pitrā kṛtam tasya rājñaḥ aniṣṭam
durātmanaḥ brūhi tvam kṛśa tattvena paśya me tapasaḥ balam

4. Śṛṅgi said: 'What misdeed was done by my father to that wicked king? Kṛśa, tell me truthfully! Behold the power of my penance!'

Words meanings summery:

• शृङ्गिः (śṛṅgiḥ) - Śṛṅgi (the speaker) (having horns, a proper name (Śṛṅgi))

• उवाच (uvāca) - (Śṛṅgi) said (he said, he spoke)

• किम् (kim) - what (misdeed) (what, why)

• मे (me) - by my (father) (by me, my)

• पित्रा (pitrā) - by my father (Śamika) (by the father)

• कृतम् (kṛtam) - was done (what misdeed was done) (done, made)

• तस्य (tasya) - of that (king) / to that (king) (of him, of that)

• राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - to that king (Parikṣit) (of the king, to the king)

• अनिष्टम् (aniṣṭam) - misdeed, harm, disservice (undesirable, disliked, harm, evil, misfortune)

• दुरात्मनः (durātmanaḥ) - of that wicked-souled (king) (of the wicked-souled, of the evil-minded)

• ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell (me) (tell, speak, say)

• त्वम् (tvam) - you (Kṛśa) (you)

• कृश (kṛśa) - Kṛśa (vocative address) (emaciated, lean (as a name: Kṛśa))

• तत्त्वेन (tattvena) - truthfully, accurately (by truth, truthfully, in reality)

• पश्य (paśya) - behold, witness (see, behold, look)

• मे (me) - my (my, of me)

• तपसः (tapasaḥ) - of my penance (of penance, of austerity, of heat)

• बलम् (balam) - the power (of my penance) (strength, power, force)

Words meanings and morphology

शृङ्गिः (śṛṅgiḥ) - Śṛṅgi (the speaker) (having horns, a proper name (Śṛṅgi))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śṛṅgin

śṛṅgin - horned, having horns; a proper name

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - (Śṛṅgi) said (he said, he spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

किम् (kim) - what (misdeed) (what, why)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which; why, how

Note: Acts as the subject for 'kṛtam' in the passive construction.

मे (me) - by my (father) (by me, my)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Modifies 'pitrā'.

पित्रा (pitrā) - by my father (Śamika) (by the father)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father

Note: Agent in the passive construction 'kṛtam'.

कृतम् (kṛtam) - was done (what misdeed was done) (done, made)

(participle)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kṛta

kṛta - done, made, performed, accomplished

past passive participle

Derived from root kṛ (to do, make).

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Main verb in the passive interrogative sentence.

तस्य (tasya) - of that (king) / to that (king) (of him, of that)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Qualifies 'rājñaḥ'. Can imply 'to' in the context of an offense.

राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - to that king (Parikṣit) (of the king, to the king)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, sovereign, ruler

Note: Refers to King Parikṣit. Genitive used to express 'to' or 'against'.

अनिष्टम् (aniṣṭam) - misdeed, harm, disservice (undesirable, disliked, harm, evil, misfortune)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of aniṣṭa

aniṣṭa - undesirable, disliked, evil, harm, misfortune, disservice

past passive participle (negated)

Derived from root iṣ (to wish, desire) with negative prefix an-.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (an+iṣṭa)

• an – not, un-
  prefix
• iṣṭa – wished, desired, liked, revered
  adjective (neuter)
  past passive participle
  Derived from root iṣ.
  Root: iṣ (class 6)

Note: Subject of 'kṛtam'.

दुरात्मनः (durātmanaḥ) - of that wicked-souled (king) (of the wicked-souled, of the evil-minded)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of durātman

durātman - evil-minded, wicked, malicious, depraved

Compound of 'dus' (bad, evil) and 'ātman' (self, soul).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi or tatpuruṣa (dus+ātman)

• dus – bad, evil, difficult, ill-
  prefix
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'rājñaḥ'.

ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell (me) (tell, speak, say)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of brū

Root: brū (class 2)

Note: Command to Kṛśa.

त्वम् (tvam) - you (Kṛśa) (you)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (singular)

Note: Subject of 'brūhi'.

कृश (kṛśa) - Kṛśa (vocative address) (emaciated, lean (as a name: Kṛśa))

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of kṛśa

kṛśa - emaciated, lean, thin, feeble; a proper name

Note: Null case because it's a vocative.

तत्त्वेन (tattvena) - truthfully, accurately (by truth, truthfully, in reality)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tattva

tattva - truth, reality, principle, essence

Note: Adverbial use, meaning 'by means of truth'.

पश्य (paśya) - behold, witness (see, behold, look)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of dṛś

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Command, referring to Śṛṅgi himself (implied subject).

मे (me) - my (my, of me)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Possessive, 'my penance'.

तपसः (tapasaḥ) - of my penance (of penance, of austerity, of heat)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - penance, austerity, heat, spiritual fervor

Note: Possessive, modifies 'balam'.

बलम् (balam) - the power (of my penance) (strength, power, force)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bala

bala - strength, power, force, might, army

Note: Object of 'paśya'.